The problem of defining wisdom. Composition on the topic: The highest that a person can achieve is wisdom ... (28 option). Let's move on to the theo-re-ti-che part

Is the one who knows a lot always the wise one? Who do you think is wise? What does it mean to be wise anyway? The problem of defining wisdom in his text is raised by Academician of the Russian Academy of Education Boris Mikhailovich Bim-Bad.

In the text presented to us, Boris Mikhailovich begins his reasoning with the statement, he says that "the highest that a person can achieve is wisdom." The author notes that a wise man not arrogant, that is, he admits the fallacy of his judgments. Wisdom, the academician informs the reader, "requires knowledge, but is not reduced to it." Thus, Boris Mikhailovich cites as an example someone who can know all varieties of butterflies, but if he does not understand environmental problems at all, then he misses the connection of the butterfly with the structure of the world, which means that this person cannot be wise. Further, the author encourages the reader to freedom of thought, to “flight”.

Boris Mikhailovich is sure that "one's own thought requires a long and painful argument with oneself." So he cites the example of Pushkin, who once wrote to his friend: "I am learning to keep the attention of long thoughts." This is hard and serious work. But such work can be a pleasure, as, for example, to Socrates, who once got carried away by reflection and stood in one place for almost a day.

The position of the author is clear to us. The author believes that wisdom is achieved through reflection, work on thought. Wisdom requires knowledge, but is not limited to it. Caution of judgment, aversion to self-deception and arrogance are the traits of a wise person.

I completely agree with the opinion of the author, because indeed, a wise person should be able to be critical of himself and in no case put his opinion above others. Many writers, poets and publicists raise this issue in their text. So, for example, in M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil" main character did not have much knowledge. She, narrating the story of her life, admitted her mistakes. After going through many trials, doing the right things and making mistakes, she gained wisdom. The wisdom of life.

Also, this problem exists in the work of L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Pierre, the hero of the novel, being captured, meets such a character as Platon Karataev. And thanks to Platon Karataev, Pierre managed to learn "folk wisdom". Plato taught him to live simply, to appreciate every moment. Karataev assures Pierre that one should not be in the eternal search for happiness. After all, the main happiness is that you just live.

So, thanks to Boris Mikhailovich Bim-Bad, I can now confidently say that wisdom is not only knowledge, but also restraint in judgment and rich life experience.

(1) Let me remind you of the famous saying: “Where is our wisdom lost in knowledge? Where is our knowledge, lost in information?” (2) The highest that a person can achieve is wisdom. (3) She should have become a school subject, wisdom must be taught. (4) More precisely, wisdom must be taught - as a caution in judgments, refraining from insufficiently substantiated statements, the ability to take into account many factors, based on what is born from a variety of historical experience. (5) It is more than knowledge. (6) This is also intuition, and an aversion to self-deception. (7) A wise person is never presumptuous: he does not consider the results of his thoughts to be final, he admits their fallacy, comparing them with directly opposite statements and finding gaps in what seemed indisputable. (8) Wisdom needs knowledge, but is not reduced to it. (9) Someone may know, for example, all varieties of butterflies and understand nothing about environmental problems. (10) Not even interested in them. (11) In this case, a person loses sight of the connection of a single butterfly with the structure of the world. (12) 3 knowledge answers the question “Why?”, And information only answers the questions “What? Where? When? How?". (13)3 knowledge consists of "understandings" and is the property of science. (14) 3 knowledge needs information, but is not reduced to it - it is higher, because it knows how to check the reliability of information. (15) 3 knowledge in the European, and now in the global scientific tradition has always been opposed to opinion. (16) An opinion is just a certain attitude to something, and knowledge is, I repeat, an understanding of a pattern. (17) It is important not so much to defend your opinion by all means, but to think about how it is proved, at least strives to become knowledge. (18) The desire to encourage baseless opinions in every possible way as an end in itself is very dangerous for a growing person. (19) It is not enough to think on your own - you must also think correctly. (20) The taste for freedom, for the flight of thought, takes a long time to learn. (21) Remember: Pinocchio's thoughts were short, short. (22) And a very young Pushkin, in a letter to a friend, wrote the following words: “I am learning to keep the attention of long thoughts ...” (23) It turns out that my own thought requires a long and painful argument with myself, an internal strict requirement for checks and rechecks, building long chains of reasoning. (24) They must all be kept in the circle of their intense attention - this is serious work. (25) This is what it means to "keep the attention of long thoughts." (26) And for some people this is a pleasure. (27) Socrates, as the legend says, was once so carried away by reflection that he stood motionless in one place for almost a day, not noticing anything around. (28) People can obviously be divided into two categories: those who are able to "keep the attention of long thoughts" and those who prefer short, simple thoughts, which does not interfere with their complacency and narcissism. (29) When unfounded opinions are encouraged, they support this narcissism and a tendency to self-deception in a person. (30) That is why today it is so important to get away from approval, from encouraging short thoughts, like Pinocchio’s, and to learn from Pushkin with his preference for “long thoughts”. (According to B. Bim-Bad *) * Boris Mikhailovich Bim-Bad (born in 1941) - Academician of the Russian Academy of Education.

How to relate to the historical and cultural heritage of your country? Everyone will answer that the inheritance we have inherited must be protected. But life experience awakens in memory other, sad, and sometimes woeful pictures.
I once had a chance to visit the Borodino field together with a wonderful person - the restorer Nikolai Ivanovich Ivanov. He already forgot when he went on vacation: he cannot live a single day without the Borodino field! .. Nikolai Ivanovich and I bared our heads in front of the monuments that were erected on the Borodino field by grateful descendants.
And it was here, on the field of our glory, in 1932 that an unprecedented desecration of the people's shrine took place: the cast-iron monument on the grave of Bagration was blown up. Those who did this committed a crime against the most noble of feelings - gratitude to the hero, the defender of the national freedom of Russia, the gratitude of Russians to their Georgian brother. And how to regard those who around the same time painted a giant inscription on the wall of the monastery, built on the site of the death of another hero - Tuchkov: “Enough to keep the remnants of the slave past! »
I was born and lived most of my life in Leningrad. In its architectural appearance, the city is associated with the names of Rastrelli1, Rossi2, Quarenghi3, Zakharov4, Voronikhin5. On the way from the main Leningrad airfield stood Rastrelli's Travel Palace. Remarkably: the first large building of the city bore the stamp of an outstanding talent. The palace was in a very bad condition - it was close to the front line, but our soldiers did everything to save it. Touch it with the hands of the restorers - and how festive the overture to Leningrad would become. Demolished! Demolished in the late sixties. And there is nothing in this place. Empty where he stood, empty in the soul when you pass this place. And - bitterly, because the loss of any cultural monument is irreparable: after all, they are always individual, the material signs of the past are always associated with a certain era, with specific masters.
The "reserve" of cultural monuments, the "reserve" of the cultural environment is extremely limited in the world, and it is being depleted at an ever-increasing rate. There is less and less space for cultural monuments on the earth, and not because the land is getting smaller. The thing is that patriotism has been called for for too long, and it must be brought up from a very early age.
Love for one's native land, for one's native culture, for one's native village or city, for one's native speech begins small - with love for one's family, one's home, one's school. And one more thing - with respect for the same feelings of people who also love their home, their land, their own - albeit incomprehensible to you - native word.
These are the most important human qualities that history will help you discover in your soul: love, respect, knowledge.

The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, a phrase, a number or a sequence of words, numbers. Write your answer to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1) Archaeologists find many treasures in the Slavic lands. (2) The value of the treasure is not in the amount of treasures, but in the quality of jewelry (among them there are real masterpieces). (3) ______ The most valuable for archaeologists is the idea of ​​the life and way of life of the ancient Slavs, which is formed in the process of studying jewelry found during excavations.

1

Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?

1. Since jewelry allows you to recreate pictures of the life and life of the ancient Slavs, they are of great value for archeology.

2. Archaeologists find many treasures, the value of which is determined primarily by the quality of jewelry.

3. The most valuable thing for archaeologists is not the quantity of found jewelry, but their quality.

4. For archaeologists, the jewelry found in the Slavic lands is important primarily because they give an idea of ​​the life and way of life of the ancient Slavs.

5. Among the jewelry found in the Slavic lands, there are real masterpieces, and archaeologists pay great attention to their study.

2

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

2. Because

3. On the contrary,

4. In other words,

5. Contrary to this

3

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word REPRESENTATION. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

REPRESENTATION, I, cf.

1. Written statement about smth. (official). P. prosecutor (act of prosecutorial supervision).

2. Theatrical or circus performance, performance. The first paragraph of the new play. Self-employed p.

3. Reproduction in the mind of previously experienced perceptions (special). P. - the image of an object or phenomenon.

4. Knowledge, understanding of something. Have no idea about anything. Make yourself a paragraph about something. The book gives a good paragraph on the subject. * I have no idea (colloquial) - I don’t know at all, I’m not aware. Where did he go? - I have no idea.

4

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

folded

ease

5

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

1. To make a marinade for charcoal-roasted fish, shake off the seeds from four to five cardamom pods, add a pinch of saffron and grind them in a mortar and salt.

2. The girl with a sharp movement threw back her bangs from her forehead and unexpectedly calmly and trustingly looked into Alexei's eyes.

3. The issuance of skates is carried out if the visitor of the rink has a passport or any other document that can be left as a pledge.

4. Analysts say that significant changes can be EXPECTED in the securities market in the coming year.

5. Note-taking IS a written fixation of the main provisions of a text that is read or perceived by ear.

6

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

FAVORITE PROFESSORS

more than eight hundred million

BRIGHTER than the sun

TAKE THE TRAIN

a pair of shoes

7

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

OFFERS	GRAMMATICAL ERRORS
A) Favorable conditions have been created not only for the publication scientific works and also to put them into practice.	1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) Those who have never been at the top of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, who have never admired the majestic panorama of the capital, have no idea about Moscow.	2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) Contrary to analysts' forecasts, this year the airline managed to maintain the volume of traffic at the level of last year.	3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) Scientists, having discovered organic substances in comets, an assumption arose about the existence of life outside the Earth.	4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was established by Peter I in 1698, issued only in rare, exceptional cases.	5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
	6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
	7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write your answer in numbers without spaces or other characters.

8

Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

OK. .play

invite

favor..zhenie

collided .. waking up

och.. to bed

9

Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.

by .. the sun, oh .. gave up

pr..acquired, pr..cottage

in..walking, ra..water

pr..grandfather, p..dnos

pr..followed, pr..call

10

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

helpful..y

picky..vy

pull out..

suede..out

underline..

11

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

ka..

wrestling..shishing

met..ny

customizing..my

move..my

12

Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

1. (NOT) WAITTING for dinner, the travelers went to bed.

2. I had to work in a (NOT) EXPLORED area.

3. I had to sign a far (NOT) FAVORABLE contract.

4. Semyon Rostislavovich seemed (NOT) SATISFIED.

5. Without difficulty (NOT) YOU CAN Catch a fish from the pond.

13

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

1. WHAT (WHATEVER) the critics claim, Fet's poems are unusually melodic, (FOR) THAT many of them formed the basis of romances.

2. (B) UNLIKE from other representatives of the liberal camp, Pavel Petrovich is always firm in defending his principles, and (FOR) THEREFORE he boldly opposes Bazarov.

3. Ceramic products from Gzhel get to different parts of the planet, WHAT (WOULD) beautify people's lives, and ALSO (SAME) bring up a sense of beauty.

4. I told Ivan Petrovich everything that happened, and wished to know his opinion (ON) ON THE ACCOUNT of predestination, AS (AS) it was very important.

5. Krylov's fables in (THAT) TIME were a completely new phenomenon in Russian literature (IN) COMPARED with Sumarokov's fables, which were written in the traditions of classicism.

14

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.

A portrait of a fearful (1) man, written (2) by an artist who had a remarkable (3) talent, was part of the dowry of the (4) th (5) mistress of the house.

15

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1. The hero of the novel loved travel and adventure and at the same time strove for comfort and family coziness.

3. The artistic painting of fabrics has existed since about the 30s of the XX century and during its existence it has received wide recognition.

4. Slang words fall out of both tradition and the sphere of reasonable word usage and the uniformity of speech.

5. To convince the reader of the fairness of his assessments, the author of the review can use both methods of scientific analysis and means of artistic expression.

16

The ducks (1) frightened by the sudden appearance of the hunters (2) rose noisily and (3) tumbling in the air (4) slowly and heavily flew away.

17

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentences.

The old garden (1) seemed (2) alone to refresh this (3) once (4) lively village and was picturesque in its desolation.

18

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

Poetry A.S. Pushkin (1) based on the works (2) of which (3) P.I. Tchaikovsky created his best operas (4) inspired the composer the most.

19

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

After the instructor's remarks (1), the guys walked faster (2) and (3) when it began to get dark (4) there were only three kilometers left to the place of lodging for the night.

20

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by excluding the extra word. Write out this word.

Usually in the month of May there is a cooling, which coincides with the flowering of bird cherry (the so-called "bird cherry cold").

Read the text and complete tasks 21-26.

(1) The highest that a man can achieve is wisdom.

(2) Wisdom should have become a school subject, it must be taught. (3) More precisely, wisdom must be taught - as to caution in judgments, refraining from insufficiently substantiated statements, the ability to take into account many factors, based on what is born of a variety of historical experience.

(4) It is more than knowledge. (5) This is also intuition, and an aversion to self-deception. (6) A wise person is never presumptuous: he does not consider the results of his reflections to be final, he admits their fallacy, comparing them with directly opposite statements and finding gaps in what seemed obvious.

(7) Wisdom needs knowledge, but is not reduced to it. (8) Someone may know, for example, all varieties of butterflies and understand nothing about environmental problems. (9) Not even interested in them. (10) In this case, a person loses sight of the connection of a single butterfly with the structure of the world.

(11) Knowledge answers the question “Why?”, And information only answers the questions “What? Where? When? How?". (12) Knowledge consists of "understandings" and is the property of science. (13) Knowledge needs information, but is not reduced to it - it is higher, because it knows how to check the reliability of information.

(14) Knowledge in the European, and now in the global scientific tradition has always been opposed to opinion. (15) An opinion is just a certain attitude to something, and knowledge is, I repeat, an understanding of a pattern. (16) It is important not so much to defend your opinion by all means, but to think about how it is proved, at least strives to become knowledge. (17) The desire to encourage baseless opinions in every possible way as an end in itself is very dangerous for a growing person. (18) It is not enough to think on your own - you must also think correctly.

Text essay:

Boris Mikhailovich Bim-Bad, candidate of pedagogical sciences, as well as a senior researcher at the Research Institute of General Pedagogics, discusses the problem of defining the concept of wisdom.

The author writes that wisdom is the highest that a person can achieve. He says that she needs knowledge, but does not come down to it. If suddenly someone can know about all types of butterflies, but understand nothing about ecology and not even be interested in it, this “someone” misses the connection between the world and a single butterfly.

B. Bim-Bad says that wisdom should be taught at school, and to be more precise, taught how to refrain from insufficiently substantiated statements and caution in judgments. He believes that wisdom is not just knowledge, it is something more, it is intuition, as well as an aversion to self-deception.

Let us turn to the work of Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". The wisdom of Platon Karataev helped Pierre survive in captivity. Plato taught him to live simply, to appreciate what you have: the light of the sun, drops of rain. You don’t have to constantly be in search of happiness, you have to live and be glad that you live.

Let us also turn to the work of A. de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince". The Old Fox taught the Little Prince to comprehend the wisdom of human relationships. To understand a person, one must learn to peer into him, to forgive minor flaws. After all, the most important thing is always hidden inside, and you can’t see it right away.

In conclusion, the words of Biant Priensky are recalled: "Take wisdom from youth to old age, for there is no more reliable heritage." The ancient Greek sage wanted to say that a person has nothing more reliable than his wisdom.

Text by Boris Mikhailovich Bim-Bad:

(1) The highest that a man can achieve is wisdom.
(2) Wisdom should have become a school subject, it must be taught. (3) More precisely, wisdom must be taught - as to caution in judgments, refraining from insufficiently substantiated statements, the ability to take into account many factors, based on what is born of a variety of historical experience. This is more than knowledge. (5) This is also intuition, and an aversion to self-deception. (b) A wise person is never presumptuous: he does not consider the results of his thinking final, he admits their fallacy, comparing them with directly opposite statements and finding gaps in what seemed obvious.
(7) Wisdom needs knowledge, but is not reduced to it. (8) Someone may know, for example, all varieties of butterflies and understand nothing about environmental problems. (9) Not even interested in them. (10) In this case, a person loses sight of the connection of a single butterfly with the structure of the world.
(11) 3 knowledge answers the question “Why?”, And information only answers the questions “What? Where? When? How?". (12)3 knowledge consists of "understandings" and is the property of science. (13) 3 knowledge needs information, but is not reduced to it - it is higher, because it knows how to check the reliability of information.
(14) 3 knowledge in the European, and now in the global scientific tradition has always been opposed to opinion. (15) An opinion is just a certain attitude to something, and knowledge is, I repeat, an understanding of a pattern. (16) It is important not so much to defend one's opinion as to think about it being proven, at least striving to become knowledge. (17) The desire in every possible way to encourage groundless opinions as an end in itself is very dangerous for a growing person. (18) It is not enough to think on your own - you must also think correctly.
(19) I have a friend, a school principal who is deeply respected by me. (20) He told me with obvious pride that his children at school, without any preparation, write essays on the most difficult topics. (21) And he gave examples of really very complex philosophical topics that require deep study, immersion in a mass of authoritative sources, in order to have the right to say something of their own against their background. (22) Instead, on the contrary, children were encouraged to express any of their immature thoughts about the deep, eternal questions of being and defend these “thoughts”. (23) I tried to object to him: what about intellectual honesty? (24) Doubt? (25) An attitude to refrain from judging if there is no knowledge of what and why others think about it? (26) How can there be an opinion without a doubt, because a person becomes self-confident and presumptuous! (27) Where is the fear of making a mistake? (28) But I found that the director did not understand my fears ...

The theme of reflections of Boris Bim-Bad, candidate of pedagogical sciences, is devoted to the problem related to the definition of the concept of wisdom. The author also acts as a senior researcher at a research institute dealing with the study of problems of general pedagogy. According to the scientist, wisdom should be regarded by us as the ultimate height of what a person can achieve. Wisdom feels the need for knowledge, but is not limited solely to their presence.

Someone may be aware of all known types of butterflies, but at the same time not understand ecology completely, nor be interested in it. Accordingly, this “someone” misses the connection between a single butterfly and the whole world as a whole.

According to the firm belief of B. Bim-Bad, wisdom should be taught at school, that is, taught to refrain from such statements that have insufficient justification, and also to caution in judgments. According to the researcher, wisdom is not just knowledge, since this concept contains something more: intuition and an aversion to self-deception.

It is difficult to disagree with the position of the author, wisdom acts as something more ambitious than just knowledge. Wisdom is also considered a set of skills, rich experience and the ability to reason. Leo Tolstoy in the work "War and Peace" created the image of a wise character named Platon Karataev, thanks to whose views on life, Pierre survived in captivity. The wisdom of Plato taught him that you need to live simply, appreciate everything you have, because it is stupid to be in a state of searching for happiness all the time: a person should rejoice in the light of the sun, raindrops and the fact that he lives.

A. de Saint-Exupery wrote the work "The Little Prince", where the Old Fox was assigned the role of a teacher of wisdom for the Little Prince. Thanks to him main character learned to comprehend the wisdom of human relations. In order to understand a person, it is important to learn to peer into his inner world, while at the same time forgiving minor flaws.

Updated: 2017-02-22

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