Presentation for the day of Slavic writing for children. Presentation "May 24 - Day of Slavic Literature and Culture". Slavic alphabets: Cyrillic and Glagolitic

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About the holiday The great work of creating the Slavic alphabet was done by the brothers Cyril and Methodius. In memory of the great feat of the brothers, on May 24, the Day of Slavic Literature is celebrated all over the world. It is especially solemnly celebrated in Bulgaria. A festive procession is performed there with the Slavic alphabet and icons of the holy brothers. Since 1987, in our country, a holiday of Slavic writing and culture has been held on this day. The Russian people pay tribute to the memory and gratitude of the "Slavic countries to teachers".

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Do you know how Russian writing originated? If you don't know, we can tell you. But first answer this question: what is the difference between the alphabet and the alphabet? The word “alphabet” comes from the names of the first two letters of the Slavic alphabet: A (az) and B (beeches): ABC: AZ + BUKI and the word “alphabet” comes from the name of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet: ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA The alphabet is much older alphabet. In the 9th century there was no alphabet, and the Slavs did not have their own letters. And so there was no writing. The Slavs could not write books or even letters to each other in their own language. SLAVIC ALPHABET AND GREEK ALPHABET

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How and where did our alphabet come from, and why is it called Cyrillic? In the 9th century in Byzantium, in the city of Thessalonica (now the city of Thessaloniki in Greece), there lived two brothers - Constantine and Methodius. They were wise and very educated people and knew the Slavic language well. The Greek Tsar Michael sent these brothers to the Slavs in response to the request of the Slavic prince Rostislav. (Rostislav asked to send teachers who could tell the Slavs about the holy Christian books, unknown to them book words and their meaning). And so the brothers Constantine and Methodius came to the Slavs to create the Slavic alphabet, which later became known as the Cyrillic alphabet. (In honor of Constantine, who, having taken monasticism, received the name Cyril).

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How did they create the alphabet? Cyril and Methodius took the Greek alphabet and adapted it to the sounds of the Slavic language. So our alphabet is the “daughter” of the Greek alphabet. Many of our letters are taken from Greek, which is why they look like them. Slavic Aa Vv Gg Dd Her Kk Ll Mm Greek Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm This system of 38 letters, which were supposed to reflect the subtle nuances of the Slavic languages, became known as the Glagolitic alphabet.

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At the end of the 9th and beginning of the 10th centuries, the followers of the Slavic enlighteners created a new Slavic alphabet based on the Greek; to convey the phonetic features of the Slavic language, it was supplemented with letters borrowed from the Glagolitic. The letters of the new alphabet required less effort when writing, had clearer outlines. This alphabet, which was widely spread among the Eastern and Southern Slavs, later received the name of the Cyrillic alphabet in honor of Cyril (Konstantin) - the creator of the first Slavic alphabet.

Epigraph Brothers! Let us joyfully honor the Holy Dyad on this day! Enlightenment honorable memory brightly commit. Let us praise them with a song of praise, with a great voice: Rejoice, Cyril, Rejoice, Methodius, Rejoice, apostles of the Slovenian countries! “Song of Praise” to Saints Cyril and Methodius The Day of Slavic Literature, Culture and Enlightenment Every year on May 24, the entire Slavic world solemnly celebrates a religious and at the same time state holiday - the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. By decision of UNESCO, 863 is recognized as the year of the creation of the Slavic alphabet. May 24 - the day of memory of Cyril and Methodius - becomes in Russia a national holiday of Slavic writing and culture. The Significance of Writing At the beginning of the 21st century, it is unthinkable to imagine modern life without books, newspapers, indexes, the flow of information, and the past without an orderly history, religion - without sacred texts... The appearance of writing has become one of the most important discoveries in the long journey of mankind. In terms of significance, this step can perhaps be compared with making fire or with the transition to growing plants instead of a long time of gathering. The formation of writing is a very difficult process that lasted for millennia. Slavic writing, the heir of which is our modern writing, stood in this row more than a thousand years ago, in the 9th century AD. The Creators of Slavic Literature The first Slavic enlighteners were the learned Bulgarian monks from Byzantium, brothers Cyril and Methodius. Cyril taught philosophy, knew the languages of different peoples. Methodius, a good organizer, ruled the Byzantine region for about 10 years. Then he became a monk and soon became the head of the monastery. Around 863, the brothers streamlined the script for the Slavic language. Cyril created the Slavic alphabet based on the Greek alphabet. With the help of Methodius, Cyril translated several liturgical books into Slavonic. From Bulgaria, Slavic writing passed to Rus'. The creators of Slavic writing Cyril (in the world Constantine) and Methodius Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers, great Slavic enlighteners. Why the Slavic alphabet is called Cyrillic Cyril created the Slavic alphabet, called Cyrillic. Also in the 9th century, the Slavs had another alphabet - Glagolitic. They are very different from each other. In Cyrillic letters have a simpler and clearer form for us. Cyrillic was the basis of our Russian alphabet. The very word "alphabet" came from the name of the first two letters of the Cyrillic alphabet: "Az" and "Buki". Cyril and Methodius took the Greek alphabet and adapted it for the sounds of the Slavic language: the Greek letter ("alpha") - for our sound [a], the Greek letter ("vita") - for our sound [v], and so on. So our alphabet is the "daughter" of the Greek alphabet. Many of our letters are taken from Greek, which is why they look like them. The origins of Russian writing ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA Greek letters: Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm ALPHABET: AZ + BUKI Slavic letters: Aa Vv Gg Dd Her Kk Ll Mm Glagolitic The first books of Russia Statutory letter Parchment Old Russian handwritten book Initial letters Cyrillic writing Sample for the writing of Cyrillic letters served as signs of the Greek charter alphabet Charter - this is a letter when the letters are written directly at the same distance from each other, without inclination - they are, as it were, "lined" the charter, on the other hand, allowed writing faster. There was a slope in the letters, their geometry is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines is no longer maintained; the text was already divided into words Cyrillic writing In the 15th century, semi-ustav gave way to cursive writing. In cursive writing, each letter had many spellings. With the development of speed, signs of individual handwriting appear Cyrillic writing ancient book in Rus', written in Cyrillic, the Ostromir Gospel - 1057. During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made to the outlines of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded from the alphabet. The new alphabet has become poorer in content, but simpler and more adapted to printing various civil business papers. That's how he got the name "civilian". In 1918, a new alphabet reform was carried out, and the Cyrillic alphabet lost four more letters: yat, i (I), izhitsu, fitu. The heir of the Cyrillic alphabet The modern Russian alphabet is the successor of the Cyrillic alphabet, the Slavic alphabet, which was used and is used for writing by Bulgarians, Serbs, Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and other peoples. Gospel (Greek - good news) are the first four books of the New Testament, in which the apostles set forth the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Psalter (Psalter) - The Bible book of the Old Testament, consisting of 150 psalms, the composition of which is attributed to King David. Apostle - one of the books that is used in worship Orthodox Church. It contains the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles of the Apostles. Quiz "Who is more attentive" - The worldly name of Cyril? Konstantin - Who was the father of the brothers? Warlord - What impressed Kirill teachers? With abilities, intelligence and knowledge - What position did Cyril hold at the church of Pope Nicholas I the Great? Was a librarian - Who are the heretics and what do they have to do with the brothers? Dissenters, deluded - How was Cyril called in Constantinople and for what? Philosopher - Why did the brothers go from Constantinople to Moravia? To preach the true doctrine, faith - In which city were the brothers Cyril and Methodius born, the creators of Slavic writing? In the city of Thessaluni Thessalonica A. In the city B. In Chersonese C. In Constantinople - On what day is St. brothers Cyril and Methodius? A. June 20 May 24 May B. 24 C. March 15 Proverbs Live a century, learn a century. It's never too late to learn. Learning is light and ignorance is darkness. First, az, beeches, then all the sciences. Alphabet - the wisdom of the step. The root of the doctrine is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. Who is strong in science knows no boredom. To know the wise - to get smart. Red peahen feather, and man learning. Learning to read and write is always useful. Alphabet - the wisdom of the step. Riddles 1. Thirty-three sisters, Written beauties, Live on one page, And are famous everywhere. Letters of the alphabet 3. What is between the mountain and the valley? Letter I 2. White field, Black seed, Who sows the field, He understands. Paper, letters, writing 4. What Russian word consists of three syllables, and indicates 33 letters? From the names of the first two letters AZ and BUKI (letters), the word ABC was formed Saints Cyril and Methodius Equal-to-the-Apostles Icon (Bulgaria) Troparion of the Feast of the Glorification of Saints Methodius and Cyril Equal-to-the-Apostles, Slovenian first teachers, tone 4th. As the Apostle of unity and the Slovenian countries, the teacher, Cyril and Methodius of God of Wisdom, pray to the Lord of all, establish the entire Slovenian language in Orthodoxy and unity, pacify the world, and save our souls. Conclusion Now, thanks to the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture, we can remember: where did our letters come from, where did books, libraries and schools come from, where did the literary wealth of Rus' come from?! “Great is the benefit of the teaching of the book!” - exclaimed the ancient Russian chronicler. And we, learning from books, reading books, in the words of the same chronicler, are reaping the fruits of the wonderful sowing of ancient Russian enlighteners who adopted writing from the first teachers of the Slavs - Cyril and Methodius. We must be eternally grateful to the creators of the Cyrillic alphabet, from the letters of which today we compose syllables, from a syllable - words, from words - sentences. And now we write books.

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Slavic writing

and culture

DAY OF MEMORY OF THE PRIMARY TEACHERS Slavic peoples– saints Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers KIRILL

HISTORY OF THE HOLIDAY

The common feast of Saints Cyril and Methodius was celebrated by the Bulgarian Church in the following centuries, and in the era of the Bulgarian Revival it turned into a feast of the alphabet created by them.

In 1863, the Russian Holy Synod decided, in connection with the celebration of the millennium of the Moravian mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius, to establish an annual celebration in honor of the Monks Methodius and Cyril on May 11.

In 1985 in the USSR, when the 1100th anniversary of the death of Methodius was celebrated.

On January 30, 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted a resolution on the annual

"Days of Slavic culture and writing".

Every year, a new settlement in Russia became the capital of the holiday (except for 1989 and 1990, when Kyiv and Minsk were the capitals, respectively)

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS

KIRILL (born in 827, before becoming a monk - Constantine)

METHODIUS (born in 815, worldly name unknown)

were born in the family of a Byzantine commander from

Thessaloniki (Greece)

Saint METHODIUS, the Enlightener of the Slavs, was born around 815 in Thessalonica (Thessalonica), one of the largest and richest cities in Byzantium. Around 833, METHODIUS began military service and passed it in the capital, in full view of Emperor Theophilus. At the age of 20, he was appointed archon (voivode) in Slavinia, a small Slavic principality, which was then under the rule of the Greeks. METHODIUS held this position for ten years and had the opportunity to study the Slavic language and Slavic customs well.

HOLY METHODIUS

SAINT CYRIL

Saint Cyril was born in Macedonia, in the city of Thessalonica, from an early age he was distinguished by mental abilities. While studying at the Thessalonica school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he already read the books of the most thoughtful of the Fathers of the Church - Gregory the Theologian (4th century)

The young man early took the rank of presbyter.

Upon his return to Constantinople, he was the librarian of the cathedral church and a teacher of philosophy. Saint Cyril successfully debated heretics, iconoclasts, and Mohammedans.

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS

In the early 860s. one of the most powerful Slavic sovereigns - the Moravian prince ROSTISLAV asked the Byzantine emperor MICHAEL III send him Christian teachers. Looking for people for the Moravian mission, the emperor and the patriarch immediately remembered KONSTANTINE and METHODIUS. When the brothers were asked to go as teachers to Moravia, they agreed and immediately set to work on the Slavic alphabet. Soon an alphabet of 38 letters, based on Greek cursive writing, was compiled.

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS

With the help of brother METHODIUS, KIRILL compiled the Slavic alphabet (the so-called Glagolitic alphabet) in 6 months and translated into Slavonic books, without which Divine services could not be performed:

gospel Aprakos,
Apostle,
Psalter and selected services

“... I will go with joy if they have letters for their language ... Learning without the alphabet and without books is the same as writing a conversation on the water”

Saint Cyril

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS

“But if any of your teachers boldly begin to tempt you, blaming the books in your language, let him be excommunicated until he reforms. Such people are wolves, not sheep…”

Andrian II

Papa Adrian II He received the Greek missionaries with great solemnity and without any hesitation supported all their undertakings. In 868 Pope Andrian II sanctified those translated by the brothers liturgical books, blessing the holding of the liturgy in the Slavonic language

KIRILL dies in Rome

“We pulled with you, brother, one furrow, like the husband of oxen, and behold, I fall on the ridge, I end my life. I know you love your native Olympus very much. Look, do not even leave our ministry for his sake ... "

“I was not silent out of fear and always awake on guard”

After the death of his brother METHODIUS

continues

gospel sermon among the Slavs

Thanks to the activity of Saint METHODIUS, both the Czechs and the Poles entered into a military alliance with Moravia, which resisted the influence of the Germans.

METHODIUS predicted the day of his death and died

In the Russian Orthodox Church, the memory of saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Enlighteners Slavs have been honored since the 11th century

The memory of each of St. brothers is celebrated on the days of their death:

Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles CYRIL -

Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles METHODIUS -

Common church memory is celebrated

CYRIL AND METHODIUS

counted as saints

THE LEGEND ABOUT CYRIL AND METHODIUS

Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm Aa Vv Gg Dd Her Kk Ll Mm

ORIGINS OF RUSSIAN WRITING

Greek letters:

Slavic letters:

ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA

ALPHABET: AZ + BUKI

Slavic alphabets: CYRILLIC and GLAGOLIC

VERB

CYRILLIC

KIRILL and METHODIUS “transferred” the sounds of the Slavic language onto parchment with the help of that GLAGOLIC.

The lettering is not survived

RUSSIAN ALPHABET

Church Slavonic ALPHABET

In 893, the CYRILLIC alphabet appeared,

which over time replaced the GLAGOLIC

in all Slavic countries

CYRILLIC LETTER

The characters of the Greek statutory alphabet served as a model for writing Cyrillic letters.

CHARTER - this is such a letter when the letters are written directly at the same distance from each other, without inclination - they are, as it were, “lined”

The oldest book in Rus' written in Cyrillic - Ostromir Gospel - 1057

From the middle of the 14th century, the semi-charter became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter, but allowed you to write faster.

There was a slope in the letters, their geometry is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines is no longer maintained; the text has already been divided into words

SEMI-CHARTER

In the 15th century, semi-ustav gave way to cursive

Manuscripts written in the "quick custom" are distinguished by the coherent writing of neighboring letters, the sweeping of the letter. In cursive writing, each letter had many spellings.

With the development of speed, signs of individual handwriting appear

CURSIVE

"Geometry of Slavonic Land Surveying" - the first book typed in civil type

During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made to the styles of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded from the alphabet.

The new alphabet has become poorer in content, but simpler and more adapted to printing various civil business papers.

That's how he got the name "civilian"

“Under Peter the Great,” M. Lomonosov jokingly wrote, “not only the boyars and boyars, but also the letters, threw off their wide fur coats (he meant the Slavic old font) and dressed up in summer clothes.” By summer clothes, the scientist meant a new civil alphabet.

fixed a letter in the alphabet E which has been used in practice
removed the doublet letters, i.e. where there were two letters to designate one sound, left one: from “green” and “earth”, denoting the sound [h], left the sign Z “earth”,
from o "on" and "ot" ("omega") there was a sign O "on",
from the letters "fita" and F "fert" to denote [f] remained "fert"

PETER'S REFORM

In 1708, the letters “xi” and “psi” were eliminated, which had the phonetic meaning [ks] and [ps], respectively, and are very rarely used in words of Greek origin (eniya - Xenia, alom - psalm),
the letter "izhitsa" also disappeared, denoting [and] in some borrowed words;
however, in 1710, the Izhitsa returned to its place - the last letter of the old alphabet - and survived until 1918.

In 1918, a new alphabet reform was carried out, and the Cyrillic alphabet lost four more letters:

yat, and (i), izhitsu, fita

And about me the linguist Said: “Not a letter - a parasite! It does not mean sound, And loafers are not for science! And after a series of strict measures, Ъ (ep) disappeared from the language. Now I'm in a different capacity, The work is a small volume. I'm really not loaded with it, But I'm glad that occasionally, but I need it, I'm only familiar with E, E, I, Yu, With the prefix - I stand behind it. And without me, you - well, nothing! Now I'm called - b (solid sign)!

IRKUTSK REGIONAL STATE UNIVERSAL SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY

NAMED AFTER I. I. MOLCHANOV-SIBERIAN

SINCE 1861 IN THE SERVICE OF THE READERS OF THE ANGARIE

TRAVEL IN THE WORLD OF BOOKS

The presentation was made by a primary school teacher

Bannikova Ekaterina Petrovna

MKOU "Lermontov secondary school"

Kuytunsky district,

Irkutsk region

http://www.orthphoto.net/photo/200811/35912.jpg- the Saints
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/my_documents/my_pictures/2010/nov/5A5_saints_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg- saints 2
http://st.depositphotos.com/1003390/1206/v/450/dep_12069829-Birch-bark.jpg- presentation background
http://alerie.piranho.de/pergament.gif- birch bark
http://smartwebsite.ru/publ/znamenitye_proroki_i_verouchiteli/svjatoj_mefodij/36-1-0-3570- site of used material
http://images-mediawiki-sites.thefullwiki.org/10/3/1/4/21810744247286083.jpg- Andrian 2
http://pro-serafim.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/information_items_3496.jpg- Aprokos
http://www.kmrz.ru/catimg/35/357393.jpg- Psalter
- Saint Cyril
http://aviudiya.com/n/56450- Faces of Saints Cyril and Methodius
http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/Xrabr2.jpg- Cyrillic writing
http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/halfustav.gif- semi-charter
http://xn----8sbebhgbsfcbaca4bza2c4gh.xn--p1ai/Slavs/Cyrillic-character.html- site "History of Russian fonts"
http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/scoropis.gif- cursive alphabet
http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6313/32728872.e1/0_84ca8_b84a4864_XL- Methodius
http://iconexpo.ru/pics/1_764.jpg- Kirill
http://gic7.mycdn.me/getImage?photoId=547405950456&photoType=24- Cyril II
http://www.vsehpozdravil.ru/res/files/postcards/6036.jpg- Saints Cyril and Methodius
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GUNirTjlk50/TqVoR_BmXaI/AAAAAAAAAf0/ffueGIjdnXw/s1600/ba39d0be6251.jpg- Ostromir Gospel
http://files.softicons.com/download/toolbar-icons/vista-arrow-icons-by-icons-land/png/256x256/Rotate360AntiClockwise2Red.png- return arrow
http://freevectordownloadz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Letter-I-In-A-Red-Circle-Clip-Art.jpg- information indicator
http://www.stihi.ru/pics/2010/12/18/7794.gif- jump button
http://data12.proshkolu.ru/content/media/pic/std/5000000/4421000/4420655-e40d4dc862998a9d.jpg- Day of Slavic writing
http://s5.hostingkartinok.com/uploads/images/2013/06/257658555b117af98b635d39ad8d6c12.jpeg- Slavic alphabet
http://img.bibo.kz/?6290183.jpg- alphabet since 1918
http://subscribe.ru/group/slavyano-arijskaya-kultura/5639345/- Initial letter
http://cs9874.vkontakte.ru/u1159889/-5/y_ac2843a8.jpg- Peter the First
http://www.irklib.ru/- Irkutsk library

USED RESOURCES.

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Memorial Day of the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius.

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history of the holiday

1986 - the revival of the holiday
1991 - approved as a public holiday
Every year some city in Russia becomes the host of the holiday
Festivals, concerts are held in all cities

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About the life of Cyril and Methodius

Cyril (born in 827, before becoming a monk - Constantine) and Methodius (born in 815, worldly name unknown) were born into the family of a Byzantine commander from Thessaloniki (Greece).

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St. Methodius

St. Methodius is a high-ranking warrior who ruled for about 10 years in one of the Slavic principalities subordinate to Byzantium, which gave him the opportunity to learn the Slavic language.

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St. Cyril

St. Cyril from an early age was distinguished by mental abilities. Studying at the Thessalonica school and not yet fifteen years old, he already read the books of the most thoughtful of the Fathers of the Church - Gregory the Theologian (4th century).

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About the life of Cyril and Methodius

In 861, the emperor summoned Saints Constantine and Methodius from the monastery and sent them to the Khazars to preach the gospel.

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In 863, the embassy of the ruler of the Great Moravian state (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bohemia, part of Austria and Hungary), Prince Rostislav, asked Emperor Michael to send teachers to preach in a country that had recently adopted Christianity.

Slide 9

With the help of brother Methodius, Kirill compiled the Slavic alphabet (the so-called Glagolitic alphabet) in 6 months and translated into Slavonic the books, without which Divine services could not be performed: the Aprakos Gospel, the Apostle, the Psalter and selected services.

"... I will go with joy if they have letters for their language ... Learning without the alphabet and without books is the same as writing a conversation on the water."

St. Cyril.

Slide 10

In 868, Pope Andrian II consecrated the liturgical books translated by the brothers, blessing the celebration of the liturgy in the Slavonic language.

"If any of your teachers boldly begin to tempt you, blaming books in your language, let him be excommunicated until he corrects himself. Such people are wolves, not sheep ..."

Andrian II.

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February 14, 869 at the age of 42, Cyril dies in Rome

“We pulled with you, brother, one furrow, like the husband of oxen, and behold, I fall on the ridge, I end my life. I know you love your native Olympus very much. Look, don’t even leave our ministry for his sake…”.

slide 12

After the death of his brother, Methodius continues the gospel sermon among the Slavs

Thanks to the work of St. Methodius, both the Czechs and the Poles entered into a military alliance with Moravia, which opposes the influence of the Germans.

“I have not been silent out of fear and have always been awake on guard.”

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Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius were canonized as saints in antiquity

In the Russian Orthodox Church, the memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Enlighteners of the Slavs has been honored since the 11th century.

The memory of each of St. brothers is celebrated on the days of their death: St. Equal to the Apostle. Kirill - Feb. 14 (O.S.) / Feb. 27 (according to the new art.). St. equal to ap. Methodius - April 6 / April 19. The general church memory is celebrated on May 11/May 24.

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The origins of Russian writing

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Slavic alphabets: Cyrillic and Glagolitic

Glagolitic.

Cyril and Methodius "translated" the sounds of the Slavic language onto parchment using that Glagolitic alphabet.

The lettering has not been preserved.

Cyrillic.

In 893, the Cyrillic alphabet appeared, which eventually replaced the Glagolitic alphabet in all Slavic countries

Russian alphabet.
Church Slavonic alphabet.

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Cyrillic script

The characters of the Greek statutory alphabet served as a model for writing Cyrillic letters.

A charter is such a letter when the letters are written directly at the same distance from each other, without an inclination - they are, as it were, "lined".

Slide 17

From the middle of the 14th century, the semi-charter became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter, but allowed you to write faster.

There was a slope in the letters, their geometry is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines is no longer maintained; The text has already been divided into words.

Slide 18

In the 15th century, semi-ustav gave way to cursive writing.

Manuscripts written in the "quick custom" are distinguished by the coherent writing of neighboring letters, the sweeping of the letter. In cursive writing, each letter had many spellings. With the development of speed, signs of individual handwriting appear.

Slide 19

The oldest book in Rus', written in Cyrillic, is the Ostromir Gospel of 1057.

During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made to the styles of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded from the alphabet. The new alphabet has become poorer in content, but simpler and more adapted to printing various civil business papers. That's how he got the name "civilian". In 1918, a new alphabet reform was carried out, and the Cyrillic alphabet lost four more letters: yat, i (I), izhitsu, fita.

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