Manor "Kolomenskoye": wiki: Facts about Russia. Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye The most important historical events that took place in Kolomenskoye

Manor "Kolomenskoye"- The state museum-reserve "Kolomenskoye" is well known in Russia and abroad.

For the first time the village of Kolomenskoye was mentioned in 1336 in a spiritual letter (testament) Ivan Kalita. According to legend, it owes its name to settlers from Kolomna who settled here.
The picturesque area on the elevated right bank of the Moskva River attracted the attention of the Moscow rulers, and Kolomenskoye turned into one of the country estates-residences of the Grand Dukes and Tsars. The unique appearance of the estate began to take shape under Vasily III, on his orders in 1532 they built an amazing beautiful temple Ascension of the Lord.

The legend connects its creation with the birth of his long-awaited heir to the Grand Duke - the future Russian Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible.
The unknown architect risked deviating from the canons prevailing at that time in the construction of stone temples and built the first hipped temple in Rus' according to the traditions of wooden architecture.
The temple has always had a deep emotional impact on people. In 1994, along with the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, the temple was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Near the temple is Church of George the Victorious built in the first half of the 16th century. The legend says that the first temple in the name of the patrons of Russian soldiers was built in Kolomenskoye by Dmitry Donskoy, who was returning through the village after the victory on the Kulikovo field. Perhaps the current temple inherited the name of the previous one.
The tsar, who liked to visit Kolomenskoye, built a huge palace, striking in luxury and splendor. It was a fabulous building with abundant wood carvings, paintings, precious interior decoration, which contemporaries called "the eighth wonder of the world." Unfortunately, the palace was lost.
Simultaneously with the wooden palace was built Church of Our Lady of Kazan- home temple of the royal family.
The royal residence was surrounded by a stone wall-fence. The main entrance to the estate was the Front or Palace Gate from the side of the Moscow River. Foreign embassies stayed through them, other solemn processions passed. The gate had two arched openings - a passage and a checkpoint. Above the gate there are watch chambers, in which a clock mechanism was installed in 1673: the dial was turned towards the palace.

To enter the estate from the side of the village, two-arched Rear or Red Gates were used, covered with a wooden roof in the form of a crossed barrel.
The manor complex included stone outbuildings - for example, the Vodovzvodnaya (or Falcon) tower. According to legend, under Alexei Mikhailovich, a great lover of falconry, falcons were kept in it.
In the middle of the 16th century, the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist was built in the village of Dyakovo near Kolomenskoye. The temple was erected in memory of the wedding of Ivan the Terrible to the kingdom or as a prayer for the granting of an heir to the first tsar.
In the 1920s, the remarkable Russian architect P.D. Baranovsky began to create the first open-air museum of wooden architecture in Russia. At various times, monuments of wooden architecture of the 17th-18th centuries were brought to Kolomenskoye, which were placed mainly in the ancient Ascension Garden. Wooden buildings from different regions of Russia turned out to be nearby: the Holy Gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery of 1693 from the shore of the White Sea, the Bratskaya Tower of the middle of the 17th century. from the zone of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, the memorial house of Peter I in 1702 from Arkhangelsk.
There are also secret places in Kolomenskoye. Golosov ravine is shrouded in legends and traditions.
The ravine is located next to the ancient settlements that existed here back in the days of ancient rome. During excavations in Kolomenskoye, tombstones with inscriptions in Old Slavonic and Latin were found, as well as weapons and armor of Roman legionnaires.
The golosov ravine is formed by a stream flowing from springs, of which there are a lot. The legend says that these springs are the footprints of the horse of George the Victorious, who galloped here with the news of his victory over the serpent.
The water in the spring does not freeze in winter and is considered miraculous.
The origin of the name "Voices of the ravine" is most likely associated with the pagan god Volos, or Veles. Historians believe that the ravine was originally called Volosov. Veles (Volos) - the god of chaos, violent, disordered, uninhabited nature, the ruler of the underworld. This version is also confirmed by the studies of geologists: the Golosov ravine is located on the fault site and traces of ancient volcanic activity were found here. So these places can be considered "gates to the underworld."

Then begins a series of legends associated with the ravine.
The warriors of Khan Devlet Giray spent 50 years in the ravine, which seemed to them a few minutes. The same thing happened with peasants from neighboring villages, who returned from the ravine in a few moments to their wives, who had aged several years. Here they saw a shaggy savage. And so on.

Another unusual attraction of these places is two huge stones in the depths of a ravine weighing several tons each. Moreover, the bulk of these boulders are in the ground. Small peaks come to the surface.
One of the stones lies at the bottom of the ravine, the other - on its high slope.
According to the legends, these stones were worshiped by pagan tribes who lived here about one and a half millennia ago. It was then that the stones got their names. The lower of the stones is called "Goose".
It is believed that he patronized men, giving the warriors strength and good luck in battle. The upper one is the “Maiden Stone”. It, accordingly, brings happiness to the beautiful half of humanity.
The surface of the stones is very unusual. It resembles giant bubbles and is covered with numerous letters. It is believed that the stones have not lost their magical properties to this day. It is enough to come here, touch their wavy surface with your hand or sit on a stone, and this will help women in childbearing.

Outwardly, it is a piece of sandstone slab measuring 2 x 1.5 meters with characteristic oval-shaped bulges.
In ancient times, sacrifices were made here. According to the conclusion of geologists, the bulges were formed back in the geological era by the deposition of suspended particles on boulders, but at the outer edge of the stone, the bulges are supplemented by a small artificial hole for draining the blood of a sacrificial animal or setting candles. The legend that existed among the locals connects the "Maiden Stone" with St. George,
who at this place waged a battle with enemies and his wife and children, allegedly buried under this stone, died. The ability of the stone to help women in childbearing is also associated with this. Hence its name.

The most important historical events that took place in Kolomenskoye

1380: Muscovites greeted Dmitry Donskoy, who returned from the Battle of Kulikovo, with bread and salt.
1530: birth in Kolomenskoye on September 4, August 253 according to the Julian calendar of the heir to the throne - the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible
1532: Completion of the construction of the Church of the Ascension of the Lord in honor of the birth of Ivan. One of the first tent churches in Russia had a huge impact on all later Russian architecture. Composer Hector Berlioz admitted that in his entire life this building struck him more than anyone else.
1564: The stay of Ivan the Terrible in December 1564 in Kolomenskoye ends with his departure to Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda and the beginning of the oprichnina.
1605: False Dmitry stopped at Kolomenskoye on his way to Moscow before solemnly entering the capital.
1606: Shot from a cannon, the ashes of False Dmitry were scattered in the vicinity of Kolomenskoye
1606, December: Assault on Kolomenskoye, occupied by the army of Ivan Bolotnikov
1649: Consecration in November 1649 of the Church of Our Lady of Kazan with two aisles. The district charter of September 29 of the same year established the universal celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God: "in all cities, for all years." Thus began the celebration of Kazanskaya, which today falls on November 4 according to the Gregorian calendar.
1662: Communication of Tsar Alexei with a crowd of indignant Muscovites during the "Copper Riot", then reprisals against the rebels.
1672: June 9, May 30, according to the old style, the birth of Tsarevich Peter, the future Tsar Peter I (presumably in Kolomenskoye)
1694: The first teachings of the "amusing troops" of Peter
1709: December 29, the 18th according to the old style, the birth of Princess Elizabeth, the future Empress Elizabeth Petrovna

The Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve is a royal estate with ancient architectural monuments and an extensive park, one of the most interesting places in Moscow. Many pages and events of Russian history are associated with it.
According to legend, the village of Kolomenskoye was founded by people from Kolomna who came to these places, fleeing the invasion of Batu Khan back in the 1230s. The first written mention of the village dates back to 1336: in a spiritual charter, the Great Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita bequeathed to his heirs his patrimony near Moscow.
Later, there was a country residence of the great Russian princes and Russian tsars. Vasily the Third, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Catherine the Second, Alexander the First lived in Kolomenskoye. The heyday of the royal estate fell on the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich "The Quietest", who built a wooden palace of extraordinary beauty here. Unfortunately, this miracle of wooden architecture has not been preserved to this day.

Now the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye was built anew according to ancient drawings, but it does not stand in its historical place. Previously, it was located in the center of the estate, on the Sovereign's Court, surrounded by a fence, fragmentarily preserved to this day.

The back gate of the fence of the royal residence with archery guards served as a "back door" and was used for the transport of provisions and household needs.

Honored guests, ambassadors, as well as the tsar himself entered the estate through the front front gate. From the north to the main entrance adjoins the Prikaznaya hut - the royal office. From the south - the Colonel's Chambers, where the guards were located and the Sytny Yard, which served as a kitchen and storage for supplies.

From the Back Gate to the Front Gate, you can walk along the alley and admire the tsar's home temple - the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. He is very smart, with golden stars on the onions. Here is one of the most revered icons in Rus' - the miraculous "Sovereign Mother of God".
Outside the Sovereign's Court, there is the pearl of the royal estate - the snow-white Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye.
This temple was erected in 1530 under Vasily the Third in honor of the birth of his son and heir Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible. The height of the structure is 60 meters, it is the tallest building of that time and the first stone hipped temple in Rus'. He came to us in its original form, protected by UNESCO.

Very close to the Church of the Ascension, the Church of St. George the Victorious and the round St. George's bell tower were erected.
Wonderful views of the bend of the Moskva River open up from Voznesenskaya Square.
Nearby is the Vodovzvodnaya Tower, which served to supply water to the royal residence.

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE MUSEUM-RESERVE
Kolomenskoye - the former royal residence and estate, a village near Moscow; now - the state art historical, architectural and natural landscape museum-reserve. Located south of the center of Moscow, occupies an area of 390 hectares; part of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve "Kolomenskoye - Lefortovo - Lyublino - Izmailovo".
In Kolomenskoye, in the temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, one of the revered in modern Russia icons of the Virgin - "Sovereign"

Church of Our Lady of Kazan

Story
The village of Kolomenskoye, located on the road from Moscow to Kolomna, was founded, according to legend, by the inhabitants of the city of Kolomna, who fled from Batu. The first written mention is in the spiritual letter (testament) of Ivan Kalita in 1336. Initially, it was the patrimony of the Moscow grand dukes, then the kings.
Basil III built here in 1528-1532 the famous tent church of the Ascension (probably founded to pray for childbearing). In articles about the Church of the Ascension, the functions of a watchtower are often attributed to it, but this is a pure invention of Soviet historians, since until 1867 the drum of the head was deaf and there could not be any used premises.

Ivan the Terrible, possibly in honor of his wedding to the kingdom in 1547-1554. built in the neighboring village of Dyakovo (now within the boundaries of the museum-reserve) the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist. I. Zabelin points out that Ivan the Terrible used to celebrate his name day in the Kolomna Palace (August 29).

In 1606, Kolomenskoye served as the headquarters of Ivan Bolotnikov, in 1610 - False Dmitry II.
The heyday of Kolomenskoye is associated with the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich - Kolomenskoye was his favorite residence. In 1667-1668. a magnificent wooden palace was erected, which had 270 rooms. The single complex of the Sovereign's Court included wooden mansions with a brown Kazan church, Sytny, Kormovoi, Khlebny or Khlebenny yards or palaces, Command chambers, Colonel's chambers and guardhouses. The entire sovereign's court is surrounded by a fence with three gates: Front, Rear, Garden. There are gardens around, surrounded by a high tyn. Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye

The events of the Copper Riot of 1662 are connected with Kolomenskoye.
Later, young Peter I often lived here; near Kolomenskoye, on the Kozhukhovsky field, he arranged the famous "fun fights".
After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich and the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, Kolomenskoye fell into decay. Under Catherine II, the dilapidated palace was demolished. The new four-story palace was built in 1766-1767 by Prince P.V. Makulov (according to his own drawings) in a new place, opposite the northern facade of the Church of the Ascension. The lower two floors were stone, and the upper ones were wooden.

In them, P. V. Makulov used materials from the dismantling of the choir of Alexei Mikhailovich. In 1768, the second floor was built over the 17th-century chambers of the entire ensemble of the Front Gate, including the Sytny Dvor, the Colonel's and the Orders' Chambers (here, too, Makulov used materials from the dismantling of the choir). The whole ensemble was adapted for the kitchens of the new palace. The Empress lived in the Kolomna Palace in the summer during her stay in Moscow.

The Catherine Palace, in turn, was rebuilt according to the design of the architect E. D. Tyurin under Nicholas I in 1825. As S. A. Gavrilov established, the upper wooden floors were dismantled and new ones were built using materials from dismantling, and the old masonry was used to the maximum in the laying of the lower two stone floors. The last palace was demolished in 1872.
From the palace of 1825, only one outbuilding has been preserved. In the 1870s, roofs were repaired on all the buildings of Kolomenskoye and wooden structures were made from materials from the dismantling of the palace. In 2001-2007, repairs were carried out on the Church of the Ascension, the Front Gate Ensemble, including the Command and Colonel's Chambers. According to S. A. Gavrilov, during the last repair, all wooden structures from the previous Kolomna palaces were lost without research and fixation. Since 2011, after restoration, the largest all-Russian honey fairs have been held at the fairgrounds in Kolomenskoye.

engraving of the 18th century - Kolomenskoye

Museum
The Kolomenskoye Museum was founded in 1923 on the initiative of the architect-restorer Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky, who became its first director. In the late 1920s, according to his plan, ancient wooden buildings began to be brought down to create a museum of wooden architecture: a small outbuilding from the village of Preobrazhensky, called the “medovary” in the museum, the house of Peter I from Arkhangelsk, the Mokhovaya tower of Sumy prison of the 17th century.
Under Baranovsky, an outbuilding from Preobrazhensky was put in place of the svetlitsy, opposite the place where the lost hipped porch of the “prikaz” chambers and the chambers themselves once stood. For the front royal court, where Alexei Mikhailovich received ambassadors, the outbuilding was not suitable, but the entire territory of the then museum was 25 hectares.
After Baranovsky, they put the House of Peter I on the collapsed foundations of the 17th century. and on the traces of buildings of the XVI century. The Holy Gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery were placed on a free meadow, but the beam that connected the Kazan Church with the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist was cut. In 1959, next to the gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery, a tower of the Bratsk prison from Siberia was erected.

According to the concept of S. A. Gavrilov, the museum of wooden architecture had to be created on the left bank of the Zhuzha River, where it was possible to make a micro-relief of the area. But they made a museum in a truncated form according to the project of V. M. Bodunov on the right bank (on the territory of the village of Kolomenskoye). Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye

Interesting Facts
Interestingly, until the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century, the village of Kolomenskoye was located on the territory of the museum, in which local residents lived, who, according to oral legends, descended from the household people of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The buildings in which they lived were built of thick logs, but outwardly they rather resembled not classic Russian huts, but modern two-story barracks or apartment buildings. Moreover, the age of some buildings was more than 300 years.
These buildings were protected by the state, as evidenced by the corresponding signs on the buildings. However, after the villagers were evicted from the territory of the museum-reserve, after some time the houses fell into disrepair, partially burned down and were dismantled.

Visitors to the museum-reserve can take part in ancient folk festivities with horseback riding and walks, as well as in the folklore performance "Ancient Wedding", during which guests dress in folk wedding costumes and become heroes of the wedding ceremony.

Architectural monuments
Church of the Ascension of the Lord, 1528-1532
Kazan Church, XVII century.
Bell tower of the Church of St. George the Victorious, XVI century.
Church of St. George the Victorious, XVI century.
Refectory of the 19th century church at the Bell Tower of St. George the Victorious, XVI century.
Vodovzvodnaya tower, 17th century - the water tower was built in the second half of the 17th century. In 1675, master Bogdan Puchin installed a water-cocking mechanism in the tower, which supplied water to the Tsar's court. The second purpose of the tower is a passage gate to the Voznesensky Garden and the village of Dyakovo.
Palace Pavilion, 1825 Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve

Front gate, 1671-73 - served as the main entrance to the royal estate of the 17th century. Erected in 1671-1673. The gate consists of four tiers and ends with a tower with a double-headed eagle restored in 1994. The belfry of the tower houses clock bells. Above the arches of the entrance is the Organ Chamber, in which in the 17th century. there was a special mechanism that set in motion the figures of lions, which were below at the Front Gate. The lions, welcoming the guest, rolled their eyes, raised their paws and roared. Above the Organ Chamber is the Clock Chamber with a working mechanism. Currently, the monument houses museum exhibits.
Colonel's Chambers, 17th century
Command chambers, 17th century
Sytny yard, XVII century.
Rear gate, 17th century
Internal and external guardhouses at the Rear Gate (recreated) of the 17th century.
Wall of the Stern Yard, 17th century.
Wall of the Khlebenny yard, XVII century.
Fence of the Sovereign's Court, XVII century.
Garden gate, 19th century - the surviving fragments were the gates to the Ascension Garden. Built at the beginning of the 19th century from bricks of dismantled buildings of the 17th century on the original foundation. According to the foundation, it can be assumed that the Garden Gate had approximately the same pylons as the Back Gate.
Clock post (petition post), XVII century.
Memorial pillar-chapel, 19th century - a memorial sign erected by peasants in the village of Shaidorovo in the last third of the 19th century, near the village of Tsaritsyno, in honor of Emperor Alexander II the Liberator and the abolition of serfdom. In 1980 he was transferred to Kolomenskoye. Refurbished in 2005. Previously, the monument was known as the Landmark Pillar.
Outbuilding (Medovarnya), 18th century
Tower of the Bratsk Ostrog, 1659
Tower of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery, 1698
House of Peter I, 18th century - was built in 1702 on the island of St. Mark at the mouth of the Northern Dvina by shipbuilders. Peter I lived in it for two and a half months, watching the construction of the Novodvinsk fortress, located on the mainland, opposite the island. At the same time, here, at the Solombala shipyards, the foundations of the Russian navy were laid. In 1934, the house of Peter I was moved to Kolomenskoye.
Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist in Dyakovo, mid-16th century
Tower of the Sumy Ostrog (Mokhovaya), XVII century.
Watermill on the Zhuzha River (recreated in 2007 on the model of watermills of the middle of the 19th century).
Lion Gates of the Moscow Kremlin (fragments).
Wooden Church of St. George the Victorious, 1685 Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve
Models of historical buildings
The wooden palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is a hypothetical exterior model with a partial reconstruction of the interiors. It was built in 2008-2010 on the territory of the former village of Dyakovskoye without reference to the historical location and orientation to the cardinal points. The layout was erected according to the drawings drawn up at the behest of Catherine II. During the construction, modern technologies were used - all structures are monolithic, reinforced concrete, then covered with logs.
The Dutch house of Peter I is an exterior and interior model of the house of Peter I in Zaandam. Presented to Russia by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as part of the 2013 cross-year of Russian-Dutch cooperation. Installed in the autumn of the same year on the right bank of the Zhuzha River, on the territory of the Museum of Wooden Architecture.

natural monuments
Springs "Kadochka"
"Girl's Stone"
"Horse Head"
Votes ravine
Oak Grove Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye
archaeological sites
Dyakovo Settlement.
Feed yard.
Borisov stone, XII century - a granite boulder, a boundary sign of the Polotsk prince Boris's possessions in the upper reaches of the Western Dvina. On the tablet near the stone it is written that the inscription is engraved on the stone: “Lord, save Your servant Boris” (XII century). But this is not so - in fact, a cross is carved on the stone, and “Sulibor Khrist” is written, which means “Suliborov (belonging to Sulibor) cross”. It was transported from the State Historical Museum and installed in Kolomenskoye in the 1920s.
Polovtsian woman, late 11th-12th centuries - a tombstone over the mound of the Cuman-Kuman. The word "baba" is of Turkic origin and means "father". South Russian steppes, late 11th-12th centuries.

CHURCH OF GEORGE THE VICTORIOUS
Church of St. George the Victorious - a monument of wooden architecture of the Russian North in the Moscow Museum-Reserve "Kolomenskoye". Built in 1685 on the banks of the Yorgi River (modern Arkhangelsk Region), it remained in almost original form until the beginning of the 21st century, was dismantled in 2008-2011, transported to Moscow and restored on the territory of Kolomenskoye.
Not to be confused with the stone temple of the same name from the Kolomenskoye ensemble.

St. George's Church- a monument of traditional wooden architecture of the Pit of the XVII-XVIII centuries. It is a two-tier structure made of pine logs. The main part is a quadrangular frame-four, set on a high basement, with miniature slots for windows and with a five-sided altar extension from the east. Under the roof of the quadrangle, you can see a belt with decor, where the date of the consecration of the temple (April 1688) was originally inscribed on ancient boards. On the main part there is an upper, much narrower quadrangle with a barrel-shaped roof topped with three cupolas with crosses standing in a row. The altar extension is also crowned with a barrel-roof with a cupola. The western facade has a covered porch with a staircase leading to the upper (above the basement) tier of the building. In the same place, a gallery-porch on consoles was attached to the facade, which once went around the entire facade around the perimeter.

Story
Initially, the St. George's Church was part of the cemetery church ensemble of the Srednepogost parish in the remote village of Semyonovskaya on the banks of the Yorga. According to the documents of the Vologda diocese, it is known that St. George's Church was built in 1685 at the expense of the parishioners. In addition to it, in Semyonovskaya there was also a wooden Nativity Church (built in the 17th century; unlike Georgievskaya - winter, heated) with a bell tower. In the 1720s, the Church of the Nativity burned down, and was later rebuilt, while St. George's Church survived in its original form.
By the beginning of the 19th century, the Middle Pogost parish included 26 villages with a population of about 900 souls. In the 1890s, both churches were faced with tessel and inside were decorated with paintings by unknown artists. St. George's Church in this guise was preserved until the beginning of the XXI century. In the 1930s, the Middle Pogost churches were closed, the interior decoration was looted, later a school was set up in Rozhdestvenskaya, a club in Georgievskaya, then a warehouse. In the second half of the 20th century, the villages of the former parish were practically empty. Both churches were abandoned and dilapidated. At the turn of the 1980-1990s, the Nativity Church burned down.

Restoration work. 2010
Since 2003, specialists from the Moscow United Museum-Reserve began developing a project for the restoration of St. George's Church, which by that time was under the threat of destruction. The project was initiated by the artist Ivan Glazunov (son of Ilya Glazunov), who accidentally discovered a previously unknown church. In 2008, the temple was dismantled and transported to Moscow, in 2009 work began on the restoration of the temple and its restoration on the territory of Kolomenskoye Park, near the complex of the Museum of Wooden Architecture.
In 2011, the construction of the church at the new location was completed. During the restoration of the log house, new logs were used to replace the dilapidated ones. Currently, the St. George's Church, like other expositions of the Museum of Wooden Architecture in Kolomenskoye, is open to the public during the summer months.

GOLOSOV RAVAG
Golosov ravine (Vlasov ravine, Voice-ravine) is a ravine in Moscow, on the territory of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. The name of the ravine may be of anthroponymic origin, cf. name Vlas, Vlasiy (option - Volos), surnames Golosov, Vlasov. There is, however, the name Voice-ravine, which has not yet been explained. The ravine stretches from to the modern Andropov Avenue. On the bank of the ravine stands the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist. In the ravine itself there are ancient stones that probably had a sacred meaning - Goose-stone and Devin (Maiden) stone.
Around 2007, stories appeared in the press related to the Voice Ravine and presented as real facts with reference to archival documents confirming them, then as urban legends.

The appearance at the beginning of the 17th century of a detachment of Tatar horsemen, led by the centurion of the army Devlet Giray, who really went on a campaign against Moscow, but more than fifty years before the appearance of these horsemen, is alleged. The Tatars from the detachment were tortured and testified that during the battle that took place 50 years before their appearance in Kolomenskoye, they tried to hide from persecution in the Voice ravine and met with a strange greenish fog in it.

Another legend tells of a meeting of a Soviet policeman in the 30s of the XX century at night in a ravine with an unknown hairy humanoid creature of gigantic size. Seeing him, the policeman pulled out a pistol, but the creature disappeared. The policeman also spoke about a strange fog.

Another mysterious story, which was reported in the Moskovskie Vedomosti newspaper dated July 9, 1832, is the disappearance of two peasants who, even before the war with Napoleon, went from the village of Dyakovo to the village of Sadovniki at night (both were located on the territory of modern Kolomenskoye) through a ravine and fell into the same greenish fog. Along the way, they sat down to rest on Devin's stone. They left the ravine after 21 years.

VILLAGE KOLOMENSKOE AND ITS LEGENDS
Once I was walking with a familiar artist in Kolomenskoye. And we went to its backyard, to the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist in the former village of Dyakovo. And before that, they crossed a large ravine, nicknamed Golosov, which has long been considered a mysterious and anomalous place.

Being downstairs and examining two huge stones (Devius and Gus), my companion said: “Here, even research was carried out by some reputable laboratory in 1996-98. But before that, scientists worked in the archives, asked around the old-timers and collected a huge number of entertaining legends. I remember one in particular. Two tipsy peasants - this was back in the 19th century - were returning to their village. We decided to shorten the road and go through a ravine, along the bottom of which a thick greenish pimply fog spread. Suddenly, the men, passing between two huge boulders, suddenly fell into some kind of corridor, through which they went out into an unfamiliar world.
There they saw hairy creatures who explained to them that they had fallen into another space and it would not be easy to return them, but they would try. After some time, the peasants again found themselves in a ravine, safely reached their village, however, as it soon turned out, more than twenty years had passed since their disappearance. True, relatives remained in the village who remembered the peasants. The police intervened and conducted an experiment. But it ended sadly: before the eyes of the experimenters, one person disappeared without a trace, and the other, seeing this, fell into a deep depression and subsequently committed suicide. That's how to wander around all sorts of "damn places" ...

And there is also a belief that this Devi stone helps with infertility. UFO lovers claim that the stones, Devy and Gus, are connected with space and that unidentified flying objects have been repeatedly seen in the sky over Kolomenskoye. Followers of esoteric teachings are sure that the ravine is the most important place in the sacred geography of Moscow. The Japanese and Chinese organize expeditions here, they are looking for the missing library of Ivan the Terrible”...

Discoveries, disappearances and miracles
The voice ravine is located strictly from west to east, as if it cuts through the natural magnetic field of the Earth. A stream or a small river flows along the bottom, formed by springs, of which there are a great many. Tradition says that these springs are the footprints of the horse of George the Victorious himself, who once galloped here with the news of his victory over the serpent.
In 1995-96 scientists from the Institute of General Physics measured electromagnetic fields here. The excess of the norm of electromagnetic radiation was more than 12 times, and near the boulders - more than 27 times. But they say that the experiments almost ended tragically. Carrying out measurements in a ravine, one scientist was abruptly lifted into the air by an unknown force to a height of 2.5 m and then collapsed onto the steep slope of the ravine...

Documents of the Police Department of the Moscow province, relating to the Kolomna volost for the period 1825-1917, repeatedly note cases of mysterious disappearances of people among the inhabitants of the villages of Kolomenskoye, Dyakovo, Sadovniki and Novinki.
Back in the 16th century, a hairy savage was seen in the dense gardens of Kolomenskoye. This is mentioned in chronicles. In Soviet times, a 2.5-meter man-ape visited the local gardens in 1926, this case was described in the article by A. Ryazantsev "Pioneers catch the goblin."

Dyakovo Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist
unknown exact date the construction of this five-domed temple, but historians suggest that it was founded by Ivan the Terrible in 1547 in memory of the wedding to the kingdom. It was in Kolomenskoye that the archaeologist I. Steletsky searched for and allegedly almost found the mysterious library of Grozny. And here, half a century later, the builder V. Porshnev almost found it again.

In 1938, having examined the hill that crowns the Church of the Beheading, Steletsky drew attention to the hilly area between the steep cliff and. It somehow stood out among the surrounding relief with an unnatural shape. Starting excavations, the archaeologist at a depth of seven meters came across a massive limestone masonry. But since the excavations were carried out on the territory of the church cemetery, soon, at the request of the inhabitants of the village of Dyakovo, they had to be curtailed.

On the eve of the Moscow Olympics-80, V. Porshnev, at that time the chief engineer of the Mosoblstroyrestavratsiya department, led repair work in the church, then ownerless and abandoned. In the center of the temple, closer to the altar part, a removed white stone floor slab was found, and under it compacted sand. When the workers began to rake it, steps of white stone opened up, going down at an acute angle towards the western wall. Above the steps and the manhole, a vault of oversized bricks was found. They dug a meter and a half - the stairs led further. Then, after conferring, the chief engineer and leading architect-restorer N. Sveshnikov ordered to weld a metal door and hang locks. While they were negotiating with the management of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve to continue work, someone knocked down the locks at night and dug a hole four meters deep. Seeing traces of the activities of unknown treasure hunters and having no funds to continue the work, Sveshnikov and Porshnev decided to reliably secure an interesting object: they covered it with sand, rammed it, filled it with concrete for about half a meter and returned the white stone slab to its place ...

From a skeptic's point of view
About the search for Steletsky, the former chief curator of the Kolomenskoye museum, V. Suzdalev, said that the archaeologist was looking for a library first in the tent church of the Ascension. Laying the pits in the foundation of the building, he very annoyed the restorer of the Kolomna architect P. Baranovsky, who turned to the authorities with a demand to prohibit Steletsky, obsessed with the mania of treasure hunting, to spoil the monument.
As for the underground voids in the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist, the church was equipped with an oven-air heating system, and, most likely, Suzdalev believes, construction workers stumbled upon one of the channels of this system in 1980. Moreover, the old-timers of the museum said that in 1929 (three years after the “goblin” was seen in those places), Baranovsky himself unearthed the tomb of the priest of the Dyakovo Church under the altar.

________________________________________________________________________________________

SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
http://mgomz.ru
http://pro-stranstva.ru/muzej-zapovednik-kolomenskoe/
Podklyuchnikov V. N. Kolomenskoye / Under the general editorship of V. A. Vesnin. - M .: Academy of Architecture of the USSR, 1944. - 63 p. - (Treasures of Russian architecture).
Wikipedia site.
http://old.vdvsn.ru/papers/si/2005/03/30/34234/
Zhyromsky B. B. House of Peter I in the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. - M., 1969.
Gra M. A., Zhyromsky B. B. Kolomenskoye. — M.: Art, 1971. — 160 p.
Suzdalev V.E. Kolomenskoye: State Museum-Reserve of the 16th-19th centuries. Guide. - M .: Moskovsky worker, 1986. - 80 p. — 30,000 copies.
Suzdalev V. E. Russian miracle. The Tsar's Palace in Kolomenskoye is a masterpiece of Russian wooden architecture from the second half of the 17th to the first quarter of the 18th century. — M.: Penaty, 2005. — 160 p. — ISBN 5-7480-0117-9.
Batalov A. L., Belyaev L. A. Sacred space of medieval Moscow. — M.: Design. Information. Cartography, 2010. - 400 p. - ISBN 978-5-4284-0001-4.
Moscow State United Art Historical, Architectural and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve
The history of the village of Kolomenskoye and its environs

The workers of the Kolomna factories took an active part in the general political strike of 1905. Soviet power in Kolomna was proclaimed on October 26 (November 8), 1917.

In 1918-1919, the Bolsheviks in Kolomna began to confiscate church property for military purposes. Monasteries and the Assumption Cathedral were the first to be seized. In 1924 the first church was closed - All Saints in Bobrov. It was later demolished.

In 1929 the Assumption Cathedral was closed. In 1930, the churches of the Staro-Golutvin Monastery “To former churches did not remind of their original purpose, they were deprived of the main features of the temple - the bell tower and domes. In the 1930s, the bell towers of the churches of Nikola on Posada, Nikola Gostiny, Nativity of Christ and others were destroyed. “The mass closure of city churches coincided with the peak of Stalinist repressions. Therefore, when churches were closed, their clergy were subject to arrest.”

During the years of Soviet power, as a result of socialist transformations, Kolomna turned into a major industrial, scientific and Cultural Center. In Kolomna, in addition to the above-mentioned factories, furniture and clothing factories, tire repair and rubber products factories, building materials and food industries successfully operated. In Kolomna, there is a diesel locomotive research institute (at the present time - the All-Russian Research Design and Technology Institute of Rolling Stock (OAO VNIKTI), the Institute of Land Reclamation and Irrigation Technology, a Pedagogical Institute, mechanical engineering and agricultural technical schools, medical and music schools.

“By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, only two functioning churches remained in the city - the Epiphany in Goncharnaya Sloboda and the Peter and Paul Cemetery. The latter closed in 1943."

In 1941, there was a threat of Kolomna being captured by German troops during an attack on Moscow from the south, but they were stopped two to three dozen kilometers from the city. During the Great Patriotic War, Kolomna became the center for the formation of artillery units and formations. In addition, rifle formations, militia units and other units were created in the city and its environs. All enterprises of Kolomna, which had machine tools, launched the production of shells for various types of guns. On the railway network of the Moscow region, Kolomna armored trains were fighting, which were built at a machine-building plant and staffed by workers from this plant.

On April 11, 1942, the Special Design Bureau for smooth-bore artillery of the People's Commissariat of Armaments was established by the Decree of the USSR State Defense Committee. Boris Ivanovich Shavyrin, the creator of a number of mortar and other types of weapons, was appointed head of the Special Design Bureau.

Thousands of Kolomna residents fought in the ranks of the Red Army, in the fleets, in aviation, in fighter battalions and detachments of the people's militia. Many of them received high awards, and more than 30 soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the battles for the honor, freedom and independence of our Motherland, more than 10 thousand Kolomna residents died a heroic death.

In the restoration and development of industry, construction and culture. Kolomna has achieved great success. All industrial enterprises of the city were restored and resumed their work. In the spring of 1948, the Kolomzavod park was laid, which was called the Peace Park. Thousands of trees and shrubs of various species are planted on an area of 30 hectares. The park is a recreation area for many residents.

On November 5, 1948, the first launch of a tram along the Kolomna - Golutvin line with a length of 5 km took place. Nowadays, the tram is the main mode of transport, runs on 10 routes and transports about 100,000 passengers a day.

In 1953, the first 100 apartments were supplied with gas in Kolomna, 5 km of an underground gas pipeline were laid. At present, the city is mainly supplied with gas. In addition to residential buildings, many industrial and household enterprises have received an environmentally friendly type of fuel. Kolomna annually consumes about 400 million m³ of gas.

On October 1, 1959, the first electric train came to Kolomna from Moscow, replacing steam locomotive traction.

Since the 60s of the XX century, Kolomna has become a new building city. Since 1961, the construction of multi-storey large-panel residential buildings has begun in the city from the commissioned Kolomna house-building plant. The step of construction of residential buildings was 40-50 thousand m² of housing. In addition to housing, social and cultural facilities were built in the city. A new complex of buildings for an agricultural technical school, a music school, a palace of culture and sports with an artificial ice track, cinemas "Vostok", "Horizont", "Rus" and many other objects appeared.

On July 4, 1977, Kolomna was awarded the Order of the October Revolution - according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for the great successes achieved by the working people of the city in economic and cultural construction, noting merits in the revolutionary movement and in connection with the 800th anniversary of its founding.

Modern Kolomna

Today Kolomna is one of the largest industrial and scientific centers of the Moscow region. The most important enterprise is the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering KBM, the Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant (production of diesel engines, wheel sets, main diesel locomotives, experimental production of electric locomotives); There are also factories for heavy machine-tool building and textile machine building. Cement (owned by the Swiss company HOLCIM), tire repair, rubber, rope and reinforced concrete plants, aerated concrete block production, a house-building plant, a garment factory. Food industry (experimental meat processing plant, confectionery factory). Printing house.

Education in Kolomna is represented by the Kolomna Institute of the Moscow State Educational Institution, the State Social and Humanitarian University (former MGOSGI), a branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law, the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Managers and Specialists of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Theological Seminary, medical and music schools, engineering and agricultural colleges .

In Kolomna, there is a diesel locomotive research institute (JSC VNIKTI), a research institute of mechanization and irrigation technology.

In the historical center of Kolomna

Administrative-territorial structure

In 2007, in the master plan, the urban district of Kolomna was divided into 11 districts:

Oak Grove,
dams,
Lartsevy Polyany,
Mityaevo,
Oksky,
sticky,
Repinsky,
Sandiri,
Old Kolomna,
Central,
Kolychevo.

However, the administrative division into prefectures in the city at the beginning of 2008 was not made. In addition, historically, the following districts were distinguished by residents in the city (in addition to those listed):

Bochmanovo,
Golutvin,
Settlements,
Shchurovo,
Old Kolomna,
Kolychevo.

These districts are often amalgamations of the districts identified in the master plan.

General plan for the development of the city

The administration of the city district of Kolomna, the design institute "NIIProekt" within the framework of the regional target program "Development of a master plan for the development of the Moscow region for the period up to 2020" in 2002 concluded an agreement for the development of a draft master plan for the city district of Kolomna, Moscow region. The draft master plan was developed in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004. No. 190-FZ.

The draft master plan developed the following tasks:

a comprehensive assessment of natural and climatic, historical and cultural, socio-economic, planning, environmental conditions;
proposals for the development of the territory of the urban district, protection of the territory from the impact of emergency situations, improvement of the environmental situation;
development of functional zoning of the territory with the establishment of restrictions on their use in urban planning;
proposals for establishing the boundaries of residential areas, the development of engineering, transport and social infrastructures;
determination of territories for housing construction;
proposals for the implementation of the urban district territorial planning scheme;
priority measures for the development of a plan for the implementation of the Master Plan of the Kolomna City District for the period of 2020.

The master plan can be viewed at the following links:

general plan
territorial division of Kolomna urban district
scheme showing the results of the analysis of the integrated development of the territory
scheme of the planned placement of roads and engineering and transport roads
scheme of planned boundaries of functional zones

Main article: Day Slavic writing and Culture 2007

monument to Cyril and Methodius

From May 22 to May 24, 2007, celebrations were held in Kolomna dedicated to the day of Slavic writing and culture. For the first time in the new history of the holiday, a district center was chosen as the capital.

In preparation for the holiday, 13 churches were restored.

The official opening ceremony of the days of Slavic writing and culture began with the transfer of the veche bell from the previous capital of the holiday.

During the celebration of the days of Slavic literature and culture, an international scientific and practical conference "Slavic World: Commonality and Diversity" was held, in which about 600 Slavic scholars took part, Orthodox theologians from all over the world.

During the celebrations, a monument to Dmitry Donskoy was unveiled on the square in front of the spindle between the Marinkina and Faceted Towers of the Kremlin and a monument to Cyril and Methodius on Cathedral Square. The celebration ended with a grandiose solemn musical and literary performance called "In the beginning was the word ...".

The celebrations were attended by Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II, Metropolitan Yuvenaly of Kolomna and Krutitsy, Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation A.S. Sokolov, Governor of the Moscow Region B.V. Gromov.

Society

Local government

On November 3, 2016, at a meeting of the Council of Deputies of Kolomna, Lebedev Denis Yuryevich was elected the head of the city district, and the former head of the city, Valery Ivanovich Shuvalov, left his post.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Kolomna

Kolomna is a large industrial center. More than 2200 enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership are registered in the city. More than 53 thousand people work in the economic sphere, or approximately 36% of the total population of the city (according to the State Statistics Committee of Russia for 2003). The enterprises of the city produce diesel engines, main diesel locomotives TEP70 (Kolomensky Diesel Locomotive Plant named after V.V. Kuibyshev), metal-cutting and woodworking machines, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts (Kolomensky Heavy Machine Tool Plant (ZAO KZTS), cement (Shchurovsky Cement Plant, now owned by HOLCIM), EL-BLOCK aerated concrete blocks (Elgad-ZSI LLC), ropes (Kanat OJSC), facade paints (Kolomenskiye Kraski LLC, Polifan-L LLC), agricultural machinery (Kolnag CJSC) , production of flux-cored wire for metallurgy (LLC "Affival Vostok"), Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering. "Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering", established in 1942 to develop mortar weapons, since 1956 switched to the production of missile systems.

The needs of the city's population in food and industrial goods are satisfied by Kolomnakhlebprom OJSC, Kolomensky Khladokombinat OJSC, Kolomchanochka OJSC (pasta and confectionery products), Kolomensky Beekeeping Plant CJSC, confectionery production of the Moscow Krasny Oktyabr factory, and also JSC "Mebelshchik" (cabinet furniture) and the garment factory of the company "Valeriya".

The volume of shipped goods of own production, performed works and services on its own in manufacturing in 2010 - 16.4 billion rubles.

4.7 thousand people are employed in the consumer market, there are more than 500 trading enterprises (trading networks: CJSC Prodtovary, Dixy, etc.), more than 60 public catering enterprises, and more than 600 small retail chains and 5 markets.

The banking system of Kolomna includes several representative offices of banks. The most extensive network has the Central Russian Bank of the Savings Bank of Russia. In addition, the Bank of Moscow, VTB 24, Vozrozhdenie, Rossiysky Kapital and others have their representative offices and branches in Kolomna.

IN last years in Kolomna there is an active construction of modern commercial real estate. In particular, the Rio shopping center, the Kado shopping center, the 40th meridian Arbat floating hotel, the Admiralsky business center and other facilities were recently built in the city.

Science and education

Kolomna is one of the largest scientific and technical centers of the Moscow region. In Kolomna, there is a research diesel locomotive institute, an institute for melioration and irrigation technology, and military-industrial complex enterprises operate. More than thirty general education and special schools, engineering and agricultural technical schools, medical and music schools operate in the city. Higher education in the city is provided at the Moscow State Regional Social and Humanitarian Institute, Kolomna Institute of Moscow State University, branches of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law, Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics, etc.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Kolomna

Representatives of several confessions (Orthodoxy, Islam and others) live in Kolomna. The city is primarily known for its Orthodox history. The Muslim community is the second largest in the city. The rest of the denominations are few in number.

Orthodoxy

In the middle of the XIV century. the Kolomna diocese was established, which existed until 1799, when a significant part of the diocese was transferred to. At present, the Kolomna deanery is one of the largest in the Moscow diocese.

Temples of the Staro-Golutvin Monastery

Kolomna has one of two cathedrals (Uspensky Cathedral Kolomna) Metropolitan of Krutitsy and Kolomna, who is a permanent member of the Holy Synod by his position and, according to the Charter of the Russian Orthodox Church, as the Patriarchal Vicar, helps the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' in managing the Moscow diocese as a diocesan bishop.

Church of St. Nicholas in Posada in the early 1990s was transferred to the community of the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church.

Islam

The Muslim community of Kolomna has about three thousand people. The head of the Muslim community is Ravil Gaynutdin. A mosque was built in the city on October Revolution Street.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Kolomna

Monument "Steam locomotive L-0012" of the Kolomna Locomotive Plant.

Kolomna has all modern types of communication, has a highly developed transport infrastructure, being the center of railways, highways and waterways.

Railway transport. The railway line Moscow (Kazanskiy vokzal) - the Moscow Railway passes through Kolomna, on which there are three railway stations Golutvin, Shchurovo, Kolomna within the city. Also, a single-track non-electrified line Golutvin - Ozyory passes through the city, on which the Bochmanovo station and a 6 km platform are located. Passenger and cargo station Golutvin has several platforms, a station and a depot. Shchurovo station is a freight station and has two platforms. Both stations are connected by access roads with a number of industrial enterprises of Kolomna, and the Golutvin station is connected with the anchorage on the Oka. There are railway bridges across the Oka and Moscow rivers.
Car roads. Kolomna is located on the federal highway M5"Ural" (mark 102 km), which passes directly through the city. Part of the Ural highway within the city is called October Revolution Street. Built in the 2000s the northern bypass of Kolomna is a modern high-speed highway. There are also roads to Lakes and Yegorievsk.
River shipping. Navigation is carried out along the Moscow River and the Oka, the Kolomenka River is not navigable. The largest among the ports of the Moscow River Shipping Company, the port of Kolomna, founded in 1858, provides mineral building materials and river sand to the enterprises of Mosavtodor, the construction industry in the south of Moscow, near and far suburbs (Kolomny, Ozer, Lukhovits,).

Street of the October Revolution.

Public transport. Passenger transport of the city is represented by two types of transport - tram and bus. The tram has existed in Kolomna since November 8, 1948. There are ten tram routes in the city that connect the center, the historical part of the city, industrial zones and new residential districts of the city (see Kolomensky tram). MAP-2 "Autocolumn No. 1417" (exists since 1925), a branch of the State Unitary Enterprise MO "Mostransavto" carries out intracity and intercity passenger transportation. More than 30 routes operate in the city and suburbs. Intercity flights connect Kolomna with cities such as Ozyory, etc.
Air Transport. In the village of Korobcheevo, not far from Kolomna, there is an airfield. Equipment: An-2, An-140, Mi-8, Mi-2. The Kolomna flying club named after V.I. Vodopyanov. The airfield is the largest in the Moscow region, used for dropping paratroopers. The field is 1700x1600 meters in size, the possibility of organizing swoop jumps, including water jumps (on the Oka River).

Sport

Main article: Sports in Kolomna

There are many sports facilities in the city:

stadiums "Avangard", "Trud", "Start" and "Cementnik";
skating center of the Moscow region "Kolomna";
rowing channel and much more.

The most famous athletes of Kolomna are skaters Valery Muratov, Dmitry Dorofeev, Ekaterina Lobysheva, and judoka Evgeny Pechurov.

Pupils of Kolomna sports schools have achieved success in many sports: speed skating, football, rowing, chess, volleyball, hockey, judo and sambo, boxing and many others.

Football

The football school in Kolomna is one of the oldest in Russia. Currently, football Kolomna is represented by the only club FC Kolomna, which plays in the Second Division of the Russian Football Championship. The football club was established on March 5, 1997 by merging two city teams Avangard (founded in 1906) and FC Oka (founded in 1923). Of the well-known students of Kolomna football, the goalkeeper of FC Tom (Tomsk) Alexei Botviniev can be noted. Kolomna has a football freestyle team TFF AIRpro and Freestyle Sport.

On May 1, 2011, a new football club, STARS, was presented in Kolomna, at the presentation of which there were guests of honor: football players of PFC CSKA and the Russian national team Igor Akinfeev, Vasily and Alexei Berezutsky. Already in the debut season in the history of the club, FC STARS achieved serious sporting success: the team took second place in the championship of the Moscow region, won the zonal tournament of cosmonaut A. A. Volkov, and in the winter tournament in memory of V. I. Gulyaev, confidently taking first place in qualifying group, won the right to play in the ¼ finals of the prestigious tournament.

Skating

Skating Center

The Kolomna skating school is one of the oldest in Russia, which has brought up many winners of competitions at various levels - from city championships to multiple Olympic champions. In 2006, the reconstruction of the Kolomna skating center was completed, as a result of which the largest skating complex in Russia appeared in the city, which hosted the European Championship in 2008. In 2007, 2009 and 2012 the World Cup was held in the center.

rowing

The city has an Olympic reserve school for rowing. Classes are held on the rowing canal on the Oka River. Rowing and sailing competitions are regularly held.

Chess school

The Kolomna chess school opened in 1906 and is one of the oldest in Russia. More than a dozen FIDE Masters and Candidates for FIDE Masters are students of the club. Every year the club participates in more than 50 competitions, where representatives of the Kolomna Chess Club regularly win prizes.

Boxing

In Kolomna there is a specialized children's and youth sports school of the Olympic reserve "Avangard", which is already over 50 years old. The boxing department of this school traces its history from the sports section of boxing. Athletes-boxers regularly participate in local and all-Russian competitions, take prizes in them.

Basketball

In recent years, this dynamic and modern sport has become popular again. In many sports schools of the city, departments of men's basketball were opened. And in the children's sports school of the Olympic reserve "Avangard" since 2004, women's basketball has been revived. In addition, it was on its basis that the city's men's basketball team (BC Kolomna) was formed.

Attractions

Main article: Architecture of Kolomna

There are 420 monuments of federal and regional significance in Kolomna (of which 70 are monuments of federal significance).

On the city territory there are buildings of the churches of John the Baptist on Gorodische (beginning of the 16th century), the tented Assumption (1522), Epiphany (1680s), Voznesenskaya (1799, architect M.F. Kazakov), Michael the Archangel (1833, arch. M. F. Shestakov), Brusensky (late 17th century), Holy Trinity Novo-Golutvin (1799) and Spassky (XIV century) monasteries. Of the civil buildings, it should be noted the fire station with a watchtower (XVIII century, in the classical style), the houses of the merchants Shevlyagin and Meshchaninov (in the Baroque style), Trading Rows (first half of the XIX century).

Not far from Kolomna are the Staro-Golutvin and Bobrenev monasteries founded in the 14th century.

In Kolomna there is a museum of local lore, a museum of organic culture, a museum of military glory and a literary and art museum. In March 2014, the Museum of the History of Housing and Communal Services of Kolomna was opened. In October 2017 - the private museum "Kolomensky gramophone", and a few years earlier - the museum "Kolomenskaya pastila", where guests are treated to tea with marshmallow prepared according to restored old recipes. In 2018, new museums were opened in Kolomna: the P.K. In the same year, a football museum was opened, created by the head of PFC CSKA Sergey Yakunchikov. Next to the Pyatnitskaya Tower of the Kolomna Kremlin, the Navigator Museum is set up, where historical rarities-symbols of Kolomna are stored, and where you can get information about all the sights of the city, including museums.

The performances of the National Theater and the Children's Theater Group are regularly held on the stage of the recreation center "Teplovozostroitel".

Art exhibitions are organized at the Liga Cultural Center and the Ozerov House.

In the center of the city on the Square of Two Revolutions there is a monument to V. I. Lenin.

Kolomna Kremlin

Main article: Kolomna Kremlin

Pyatnitsky Gate

Wall of the Kolomna Kremlin

The Kolomna Kremlin is one of the largest and most powerful fortresses of its time. It was built in six years from 1525-1531 by order of Vasily III. Brick walls with seven towers have been preserved from the Kolomna Kremlin. One of them, the most famous, is called Pyatnitskaya with Orthodox icon over the gate. On the territory of the Kremlin there is the Assumption Cathedral (built in 1672-1682) with a bell tower (1825), Holy Trinity Novo-Golutvin Monastery and much more.

City streets

Main article: Streets of Kolomna

City streets associated with historical names and events:

Arbatskaya street - Pyotr Artemyevich Sarafyan, Vasily Alexandrovich Zaitsev, Boris Andreevich Pilnyak, Kovalsky Nikolai Mikhailovich, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova lived on this street;
Coastal street - Valentina Alexandrovna Lyubimova;
Green street - Sergey Nikolaevich Lukonin;
Lazhechnikova street - Lozovsky Modest Alexandrovich;
Moskvoretskaya street - Sveshnikov Alexander Vasilyevich;
October Revolution Street - the longest street in the city, where Lev Alekseevich Perfilov, Lev Sergeevich Lebedyansky lived;
Posadskaya street - Boris Afinogenovich Brushlinsky worked;
Jan Grunt street - Andrei Pavlovich Radishchev and many others.

Parks and squares of the city

One of the entrances to the Peace Park

The city of Kolomna is one of the greenest cities in the Moscow region. There are many parks and squares on the territory of the city. Here are some of them:

Peace Park;
Memorial Park;
Square Zaitsev;
Square Saucer;
Park of the 50th Anniversary of October and others.

twin cities

Agreements on the establishment of sister city relations with the following cities have been concluded:

Notes

"Regions of Russia. Main socio-economic indicators of cities" - 2012 (indefinite) .
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (Russian). Retrieved 31 July 2019.
Gorodetskaya I. L., Levashov E. A. Russian names of inhabitants: Dictionary-reference book: More than 14,000 names. - Moscow: Russian dictionaries, Astrel, AST, 2003. - S. 147. - 362 p. - ISBN 5-93259-033-5, 5-17-016914-0, 5-271-05846-8.
Mazurov A. B. Medieval Kolomna in the XIV - the first third of the XVI centuries. / Ed. V. L. Yanina. - M. : Alexandria, 2001. - S. 58. - 542 p.
Movement group on Vkontakte
Residents of the Kolomna district of the Moscow region demand to stop the expansion of the local landfill (Russian). takiedela.ru. Such things (13. 11. 2017). Retrieved 4 June 2019.
Rally on YouTube
CLOSE POLYGON VOLOVICHI KOLOMNA - Change.org (Russian). Change.org. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
Andrey Karev; Lilit Sargsyan. Angry trash. The fighters against the landfill in Kolomna were under heavy pressure from the police and the FSB (Russian) . https://www.novayagazeta.ru. Novaya Gazeta (January 31, 2019) . Retrieved 4 June 2019.
People's encyclopedia "My city". Kolomna (indefinite) . Retrieved June 13, 2014. Archived from the original on June 13, 2014.
Cities with a population of 100,000 or more (indefinite) . Date of access 17 August 2013. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013.
All-Union census of the population of 1939. The number of the urban population of the USSR by urban settlements and intracity districts (indefinite) . Retrieved November 30, 2013. Archived from the original on November 30, 2013.
All-Union population census of 1959. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex (Russian)
All-Union population census of 1970 Number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013.
Russian Statistical Yearbook, 1998
Russian statistical yearbook. 1994 (indefinite) . Date of access 18 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016.
All-Union population census of 1979 Number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013.
Russian statistical yearbook. Goskomstat, Moscow, 2001 (indefinite) . Retrieved May 12, 2015. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015.
National economy of the USSR for 70 years: anniversary statistical yearbook: [arch. June 28, 2016] / USSR State Committee on Statistics. - Moscow: Finance and statistics, 1987. - 766 p.
All-Union population census of 1989. Urban population (indefinite) . Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
Russian Statistical Yearbook. 2002: Stat. / Goskomstat of Russia. - M. : Goskomstat of Russia, 2002. - 690 p. - In Russian. lang. – ISBN 5-89476-123-9: 539.00.
Russian statistical yearbook. 1997 (indefinite) . Retrieved May 22, 2016. Archived from the original on May 22, 2016.
Russian statistical yearbook. 1999 (indefinite) . Date of access 14 June 2016. Archived from the original on 14 June 2016.
Russian statistical yearbook. year 2000 (indefinite) . Retrieved June 13, 2016. Archived from the original on June 13, 2016.
All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, Table 4 (indefinite) . Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
Russian statistical yearbook. 2004 (indefinite) . Retrieved June 9, 2016. Archived from the original on June 9, 2016.
Russian Statistical Yearbook, 2005 (indefinite) . Retrieved May 9, 2016. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016.
Russian Statistical Yearbook, 2006 (indefinite) . Retrieved May 10, 2016. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016.
Russian Statistical Yearbook, 2007 (indefinite) . Retrieved May 11, 2016. Archived from the original on May 11, 2016.
Permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009 (indefinite) . Retrieved January 2, 2014. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014.
Population census 2010. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements (Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved October 9, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013.
Cities with a population of 100 thousand people or more as of January 1, 2011 (indefinite) . Retrieved May 8, 2016. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 (indefinite) . Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) (indefinite) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013.
Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 (indefinite) . Date of access 2 August 2014. Archived from the original on 2 August 2014.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 (indefinite) . Retrieved 6 August 2015. Archived from the original on 6 August 2015.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (Russian)(July 31, 2017). Date of access 31 July 2017. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 (Russian). Date of access 25 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018.
taking into account the cities of Crimea
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019. Table “21. Population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2019" (indefinite) (RAR archive (1.0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service.
V. A. Nikonov. Brief toponymic dictionary. - M., 1966. - S. 200.
Issue 10 // Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages. Proto-Slavic Lexical Fund / Edited by Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences O. N. Trubachev. - M., 1983. - S. 147.
Pospelov E. M. Geographical names of Russia: a toponymic dictionary. - M. : AST: Astrel, 2008. - S. 237. - 523 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-17-054966-5.
Murzaev E. M. Turkic geographical names. - M.: Eastern literature, 1996. - S. 27.
Dal V.I Dictionary living Great Russian language. M.-SPb. 1881. V.2. P.139 (indefinite) .
V.Yu. Kirichenko. Kolomna - a distant city //. Almanac "Silver Rain" No. 10 - Kolomna: Silver of Words - 2018 - P.112 (indefinite) .
Laurentian Chronicle. 1377 (indefinite) . expositions.nlr.ru. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Kobrin V. B. Ivan groznyj. - M. : Moskovsky worker, 1989. - 175 p.
Storozhev V. N. Zemshchina // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Zemshchina // Great Russian Encyclopedia: [in 35 volumes] / ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004-2017.
Complete collection of Russian chronicles. - 302 p.
Mayevsky I.V. Essays on the history of the Kolomna region. Kolomna. - 2004. - S. 156-158.
Plant for the production of aerated concrete blocks "Elgad-ZSI" (TM "EL-BLOCK") (indefinite) . Retrieved December 7, 2013.
Regions of Russia. Main Characteristics of the Subjects of the Russian Federation: Statistical Collection. Goskomstat of Russia. - M., 2003.
G.V. Samusenko. Kolomna bus of the pre-war years //. Almanac "Silver Rain" No. 8 - Kolomna: Silver of Words. - 2016. - P.121-132 (indefinite) .
Official website of the Holy Trinity Novo-Golutvin Monastery (indefinite) .
Official website of TV "Culture" (indefinite) .
A.E. Denisov. Brief guide to the museum of the history of housing and communal services in Kolomna //. Almanac "Silver Rain" No. 8 - Kolomna: Silver of Words - 2016 - P.111-120. (indefinite) .
Museum of gramophones opened in Kolomna (indefinite) . Website of the Government of the Moscow Region (10/23/2017).
Navigator in Kolomna. What new and old museums to visit in the city (indefinite) . AiF edition (03/01/2019).
Four new museums opened in Kolomna in 2018 (indefinite) . Internet news portal "Moscow region today" (03/01/2019).
“Solskjaer asked for it himself”: Football Museum opened in Kolomna (indefinite) . Website of the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper (06/13/2019).
Bauska (Russian) // Wikipedia. - 2017-03-04.

Literature

Bulich O.P. Kolomna. - M., 1928.
Fekhner M.V. Kolomna. - M., 1963.
Afonasenko I. M., Lomako E. L. Russian provincial town of the Catherine era: Kolomna in the second half of the 18th century. - M., 2010.
Golubeva E. P., Guzhov A. I. Guide to Kolomna / Artist Y. Zhigalov. - Ed. 3rd, corrected. and additional - M. : Moskovsky worker, 1970. - 104 p. - 30,000 copies.
Monuments of architecture of the Moscow region. - M.: Art, 1975. - T. 1. - S. 226-263.
Efremtsev G. P., Kuznetsov D. D. Kolomna. - M. : Moskovsky worker, 1977.
Efremtsev G.P. History of the Kolomna plant. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M. : Thought, 1984. - 366 p.
Wagner G. K., Chugunov S. V. Along the Oka from Kolomna to Murom. - M., 1980. - S. 184.
Kirichenko V. Yu. Kolomna: history in names. - Kolomna, 1993. - 102 p.
Mazurov A. B. Archeology of Kolomna. - M., 1994.
Rudakov V. E., Selivanov A. F. Kolomna // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Podyapolskaya E. N., Razumovskaya A. A., Smirnov G. K. Monuments of architecture of the Moscow region, no. 3. - M. : Stroyizdat, 1999. - S. 8-94.
Cities of the Moscow region. Book. 3. - M. : Moskovsky worker, 1981. - S. 736. - 35,000 copies.
Kolomna and Kolomna land: history and culture: Collection of articles / Compiled by A.G. Melnik, S.V. Sazonov. - Kolomna: League, 2009. - 424 p. - ISBN 978-5-98932-013-4.
Melnik A. G."Own" saints of Kolomna of the XVI century. // Kolomna and Kolomna land: history and culture: Collection of articles. - Kolomna: League, 2009. - S. 257-265. - ISBN 978-5-98932-013-4.

Links

Official website of the Kolomna City District Administration
ONLINE Kolomna travel guide
Kolomna at the Open Directory Project Links Directory (dmoz)
Kolomna history scale
History of the coat of arms of Kolomna
Historical essay: Kolomna: 820 years in the history of Russia
Temples of the city of Kolomna
Official website of the Kolomna Kremlin. History of Kolomna. Events
Virtual walk around Kolomna 3D
Kolomna: history, sights, nature, surroundings

It was founded, according to legend, by the inhabitants of Kolomna, who fled from the horde of Batu Khan. The first written mention of Kolomenskoye is in the will of Ivan Kalita in 1339. Initially, Kolomenskoye was the patrimony of the Moscow Grand Dukes, then the tsars. Now the State Art Historical-Architectural and Natural-Landscape Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye is located here.

The State Art Historical, Architectural and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye is located in the south of Moscow not far from the Kolomenskaya metro station. The main entrance of Kolomenskoye is located on Andropov Avenue, but you can also enter the territory from Novinki Street.

The closest to Novinki Street is the Ethnographic Museum of Wooden Architecture, which is being created on the territory of the Kolomenskoye Museum. I'll start with him.

The museum of ancient Russian architecture in the 20s of the twentieth century began to be created by the architect P.D. Baranovsky.

Ancient wooden structures were brought from all over Russia and installed in the Voznesensky Garden - not far from the historical part of Kolomenskoye.

This photo shows that back in 2005, the Gate Tower of the Nikolo-Karelsky Monastery stood not far from the Church of the Ascension. The church itself was under restoration.

Now the tower and some other wooden buildings have been moved to the north of the park and a separate wooden town is being created there.

During the transfer, the wooden buildings were completely dismantled and assembled in a new place.

Gate tower of the Nikolo-Karelsky Monastery of the 17th century. Brought to Kolomenskoye in 1932. Then it was restored twice in the late 1970s and today (mid-late 2000s)

The tower was built in Nikolo-Karelsky Monastery in 1692 on the site of the burnt Holy Gates.

The tower was moved along with a piece of the wall - which adds to its interest

Moss Tower of Sumy Ostrog. Built in the 80s of the XVII century. Ostrog stood on the shores of the White Sea. In 1931, the director of the museum-reserve, Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky, transferred to Kolomenskoye all the structures of the tower that remained at that time.

The structures were stored in the museum's storerooms for more than 70 years, until the reconstruction and reconstruction of the tower began in 2003. Thanks to the efforts of the restorers, we can now see this tower in the museum.

Tower of the Bratsk Ostrog. The date of its construction is 1654. The brotherly prison had 4 towers. Only two have survived to our times, and they are far from each other. This one is in the museum in Kolomenskoye. The second is in the museum of the city of Bratsk.

In 1957-1958, during the construction of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, the territory of the prison fell into the reservoir zone, so all the preserved historically valuable buildings (including this tower) were dismantled and taken away from there. In 1959, this tower was brought to Kolomenskoye.

In the 1970s, the tower was reconstructed. Then the tower was installed in the Ascension Garden. In 2007, the tower was moved to a new location - on the territory of the emerging Museum of Wooden Architecture. Isn't it true that the combination of ancient Russian and modern Russian architecture looks original in the new place.

The high towers of the fortresses are somewhat lost against the background of modern high-rise buildings.

And still, looking at wooden buildings is more pleasant than concrete boxes :)

The wooden church of St. George the Victorious appeared in Kolomenskoye later than the towers. It was brought here from an abandoned village near Arkhangelsk and restored under the guidance of architect Igor Shurgin. And the original date of its construction is 1685.

But the mill is definitely a remake. The mill was recreated in 2007 on the model of 19th century watermills.

During the construction of the mill, debris was cleared and the bed of the Zhuzha river was landscaped. Whatever you say, it turned out beautifully.

The area around the mill was also landscaped. They planted trees. They threw a bridge at the confluence of the Zhuzha river into the Moscow river

Landscaped the mouth of the Zhuzha River and the embankment of the Moscow River

During the shipping period, something constantly floats along the Moscow River in the Kolomenskoye area. Now barges, now nimble boats ...

the pleasure boats.

Traveling from the southern river station, ships pass through locks right in front of Kolomenskoye.

Even from the water mill you can see the Church of the Ascension towering on a steep bank, so it immediately becomes clear where to go.

The Church of the Ascension is a wonderful landmark and a very beautiful building - practically the heart of Kolomenskoye. However, I will now make a "feint with my ears" and find myself again at the gates of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, but now at the main entrance, from the side of Andropov Avenue.

However, if you study the "materiel" in more detail, it turns out that these gates are not at all the main ones, but the Rear ones.

The rear (Spassky) gates do not lead to the territory of the museum itself, being both in front of the gates and behind them - you are still on the territory of Kolomenskoye. Spassky (Rear) gates lead to the territory of the Sovereign's Court. These gates served as an economic entrance. Carts with various luggage and other household carts passed through them. Important persons entered the Sovereign's Court through the Front Gate.

In 2000-2001 the gate was restored and became beautiful and safe.

Having passed through the gate, we find ourselves on an alley - leading through the entire Sovereign's courtyard from the Back to the front gate.

On the left side of the alley (when viewed from the Spassky Gates) is the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

The Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich.

The church was connected to the royal palace by a covered passage and was the royal court temple.

In the middle of the 18th century, the royal palace was moved to a new location and the church became the parish church of Kolomenskoye.

At present, the temple is active. Services are constantly held there.

Having passed along the alley to the end, we will see the Front Gate. Previously, in those days when Kolomenskoye was the sovereign's residence, the entrance to the Sovereign's Court was carried out from the side of the Moscow River. It was these gates that met the Sovereign and ambassadors.

The front gate was built during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1672-73.

On the north side, the stone one-story chambers of the Order's hut adjoin the Front Gate. On the south side adjoined the Colonel's chambers and the glacier room.

In 2002-2003 the Front Gate was restored. Due to this, they became more similar to those gates, as they were during the existence of the royal summer residence in Kolomenskoye.

Let's walk a little from the Church of the Kazan Mother of God not to the gate, but deep into the park, to where the walls have now been built.

Behind the whitewashed walls is the wooden House of Peter I in Kolomenskoye, built in 1702 on Markov Island at the mouth of the Northern Dvina near the White Sea and brought to Kolomenskoye in 1934 by P.D. Baranovsky.

Next to the house is a monument to Peter the Great.

Also anchors.

We pass through the Front Gate, leaving the Sovereign's Court, and finally, we have a wonderful view into the distance from the steep bank of the Moscow River. By right hand from us there will be small buildings, the location of which is somewhat chaotic, and a little ahead is the Church of the Ascension.

In 2005, restoration work was carried out on the Bell Tower of the Church of St. George the Victorious.

This bell tower was built in the second quarter of the 16th century and was the bell tower at the Ascension Cathedral.

Near the bell tower are the Church of St. George the Victorious and the Vodovzvodnaya Tower. The Church of St. George the Victorious was built in the middle of the 19th century. In 1928 it was closed and partially dismantled. In 2004 - reconstructed.

The Vodovzvodnaya Tower was built in the 70s of the 17th century.

As you can understand from the name, it was intended to provide water to the Sovereign's court. The tower also functioned as a gate. In 2002, restoration work was carried out on the tower.

And finally, the Church of the Ascension of the Lord.

The Church of the Ascension of the Lord was built in the 16th century by order of the Grand Duke Vasily III in honor of the heir Ivan IV (the Terrible).

The construction of the Church of the Ascension was completed in 1532.

For a long time there was a restoration of the church.

Until 2007, she was dragged into scaffolding

And finally, the Temple of the Ascension again pleases us with its whiteness.

The restoration had to be carried out with extreme caution, without changing anything significantly. After all, this temple for all the years of its existence has not undergone significant changes in appearance and has come down to us almost in its original form. The Church of the Ascension is a unique cultural monument and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

At the time of construction, the Church of the Ascension of the Lord was the tallest building in the Moscow region.

Its height exceeds 60 meters.

And the steep bank of the Moskva River elevates the temple even more.

Earlier in winter, from a steep hill almost from the foot of the temple, children rode on a sled.

Now, in order for no one to hurt themselves and to maintain greater order in the historical place, the slope was fenced with a fence and made observation deck(You can ride a sled a few dozen meters from the architectural monuments).

The Palace Pavilion is also located on the steep bank. Built in 1825, this pavilion is the only thing left of the complex of buildings of the Imperial Alexander Palace, which stood nearby.

Now the pavilion is fully restored

And back in 2005, restoration work was carried out and scaffolding was erected around the pavilion.

From the steep bank - between the Church of the Ascension and the pavilion offers a beautiful view of the Moscow River. On the left you can see the gateway mentioned above.

And in general, the opposite shore is visible far, far away. The eyes rest, looking into the distance.

Being in Kolomenskoye it is good to walk along the Golosov ravine. Luckily it was recently upgraded.

The bed of the stream was lined with stones, a path was laid, bridges and stairs were placed - for the greater convenience of visitors.

The steep bank near the springs is made in such a way - to prevent shedding of soil.

The tree around the Maiden Stone is decorated with patches of cloth

According to legend, this stone can heal - for this you need to attach a sore spot to it.

Unfortunately, I did not manage to take a good picture of the girl's stone due to the abundance of visitors around it.

An apple orchard spread over the ravine. Previously, the garden was fenced, but now it is part of the park, with benches placed in it.

Near the apple orchard on the steep bank of the Moskva River, surrounded by an old cemetery, stands the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist.

The date of its construction is considered to be 1560-1570s. For a long time the church stood in ruins and this corner of Kolomenskoye was rather gloomy, but from 2008 to 2009 the church was completely reconstructed.

At the same time, the embankment of the Moscow River was landscaped and extended. Previously, visitors to the park did not particularly like to come here. Now on a fine summer day it is very crowded here.

In the autumn of 2009, the palace was already erected, but the construction work in it was still ongoing. Now it is open and inside is very beautiful. See more details on the photos of the palace

In the park itself there are several old, old trees, the view of which is impressive. There are ancient oaks here, planted several hundred years ago, the oldest oaks in Moscow.

At one of the exits from Kolomenskoye there is a small wooden house - pretty.

But the most important thing is that there is a lot of greenery in Kolomenskoye...

And flowers.

But the most beautiful thing in Kolomenskoye is in the spring - when all the trees are in bloom.

Come to Kolomenskoye. It is beautiful at any time of the year. Personally, I will definitely visit Kolomenskoye again.

Photo: 2015 - Nikon NIKON D610, 2007-2010 - Nikon D70S. 2005 autumn - Fujifilm finepix S7000, 2005 winter - an old 2 MP olympus.

Mochalov Artyom aka ToM IllenY

I express my gratitude to Nina Borovikova for correcting the text of the article.

Like many other former suburban settlements, Kolomenskoye entered the city limits of Moscow in 1960. Now Kolomenskoye is primarily a famous natural landscape and historical and architectural reserve with an area of almost 260 hectares, as well as residential areas and an industrial zone not far from the metro station of the same name.

The first mention of Kolomenskoye dates back to the first half of the 14th century: it is mentioned in the famous will of Ivan Kalita - a spiritual letter written by him before his trip to the Horde and usually dated by historians to 1339. According to this letter, Ivan Kalita bequeathed Kolomenskoye to his son Andrey Borovsky: “... And I gave this to my son Andry: Lopastna, Sversk ... And here are the villages: the village of Talezhskoye, the village of Serpokhovskoye, the village of Kolbasinskoye, the village of Narskoye, the village of Przemyslskoye, ... the village of Yasinovskoye, the village of Kolomninskoye, the village of Nogatinskoye.

Many memorable pages in the history of Moscow and Russia are directly connected with Kolomenskoye. Here is the ancient Dyakovo settlement, which gave the name to the whole archaeological culture of the Early Iron Age. The Russian army gathered in Kolomenskoye, which defeated the Horde in the battle on the Kulikovo field. Repeatedly, Kolomenskoye became a key point in the defense of Moscow from the Crimean khans. Ivan the Terrible, False Dmitry I, Ivan Bolotnikov stayed and lived here. The dramatic events of the Copper Riot also unfolded in Kolomenskoye. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a wooden miracle palace here and was very fond of his patrimony Kolomenskoye. Here, for the most part, Peter's childhood and adolescence passed, and, according to one of the legends, it was Kolomenskoye that became the place of his birth ...

Most historians of Moscow believe that the village of Kolomenskoye was founded by refugees from the city of Kolomna, fleeing from the merciless troops of Batu Khan in 1237. Like many other settlers, they gave the new village a name in honor of their native places. Toponym Kolomna, which formed the basis of the name of the village of Kolomenskoye, deserves a more detailed story.

Kolomna today is a city of regional subordination, the center of the Kolomna district of the Moscow region. It is located 115 kilometers from the capital at the confluence of the Kolomenka, Moscow and Oka rivers. This ancient city, the first chronicle evidence of it has come down to us since 1177: "... And when they were near Kolomna, news came ..". (Suzdal chronicle according to the Laurentian list).

About the origin of the toponym Kolomna there is a whole "complex" of traditions and legends. According to one, the name Kolomna is associated with the word quarry, since building stone has long been mined in the Kolomensky district. According to another, the name Kolomna goes back to the word well"a place where convicts, criminals were sitting."

One of the legends appeared (albeit only as a joke) from the pen of the famous historian and writer N. M. Karamzin, but what is strange! became established as a serious etymology in some books. Here's how it happened.

Traveling around Moscow, Karamzin wrote on September 14, 1803 from Kolomna: “As for the name of the city, its for fun (emphasis mine M. G.) can be derived from the glorious Italian surname Colonna. It is known that Pope Boniface VIII persecuted everyone famous people this family and that many of them sought refuge not only in other lands, but also in other parts of the world. Some could go to Russia, beg land from our grand dukes, build a city and call it after themselves.”

Note: “for fun,” writes the historian, since in fact there was nothing like that. However, this joke soon spread widely, its author was forgotten. It began to be perceived as one of the possible hypotheses, and they began to cite it in books, in journals already as a scientific version.

Further, as they say, more: the joke spread more and more widely and finally returned to Kolomna. From historical publications about Kolomna, it is known that in the city itself in the Novogolutvinsky monastery hung in a place of honor "Chronicler of the Bishops of the God-saved city of Kolomna." It ended with the following words: “Kolomna this city, according to some chroniclers, was built by a nobleman who came out of Italy, called Charles the Column, about 1147.” The text of this legend, enclosed in a frame, could be seen in many houses of wealthy residents of Kolomna. And at the end of the 18th century, when Empress Catherine II carried out a reform of the administrative-territorial division of Russia and approved the coats of arms of provinces and cities, the image of a column (a vertical support in architecture and construction) was included in the coat of arms of Kolomna! Isn't it curious? N. M. Karamzin, probably, could not have imagined such far-reaching consequences of his joke ...

Another legend, it would seem, is more historical: it is based on the arrival of Sergius of Radonezh in Kolomna, who was supposed to bless the Russian troops before the Battle of Kulikovo. According to this legend, Sergius asked for water in one house, but some man drove him away and hit him with a stake. After that, Sergius allegedly complained in Golutvin, in the monastery: “I asked them for a drink, and they stabbed me!” This is where the word Kolomna supposedly came from.

But this is just another example of legendary legends, an example of a spontaneous rethinking of the meaning of a word that has ceased to be understandable. The scientist, in his search, is obliged to use not legends and historical anecdotes, but real language material. An example of such a balanced and reasoned scientific analysis is the study of the river name hydronym Kolomna, made by the Moscow toponymist G.P. Smolitskaya. She, following some linguists, connected the name Kolomna with Finno-Ugric word colm"grave, cemetery"; For example, in Finnish there is a word kalmisto"grave, burial ground, cemetery." In Russian, it is quite possible to change, or rather, expand the meaning of the word: grave ® cemetery ® lake (or river) near the cemetery ® settlement by this lake or river ® rural parish for several villages.

Here is how G. P. Smolitskaya comments on this hypothesis in one of her publications: colm develops fullness and adds a formant on, active in toponymy (cf. Dubna, Sitna, etc.), the name Kolomna is obtained. Initially, this was the name of the river, at the confluence of which a village arose in Moscow, and then the city itself. In favor of the Finnish origin of the toponym is the fact that before the arrival of the Slavs, the Finnish-speaking population lived here and to the south. In Russian there was a word kolomishche meaning "graveyard". It is a complete tracing paper from Finnish kalmisto and recorded in a document of 1534: And they put their dead children in villages along the barrow and along the kolomishchem(Dictionary of the Russian language of the XIXII centuries, issue 7). ... A similar development from the common word to the name passed the noun grave. Rivers and ravines called Mogilka, Mogilnaya, Mogilnya, etc. are known in Central Russia, as well as villages called Pogost.

On the map of the distribution of Finno-Ugric languages, one can quite easily find a number of examples that indirectly confirm the hypothesis of G.P. Smolitskaya: Lake Kolomno the village of Kolomna in the former Tver province, Lake Kolomna the village of Kolomny in the Novgorod region, small rivers, ravines and lakes Kolmenka, Kolomenka, Kolomishche, Kolomna, Kolomenskoy in Central Russia. We can also recall that in various areas inhabited by Russians, cemeteries sometimes bore names derived from a foreign root kolm-. So, in one of the episodes of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "The Brothers Karamazov" Kolomets is described - the area where the cemetery is located in the city of Skotoprigonievsk (the city of Staraya Russa in the Novgorod Territory served as a prototype), where Ilyushenka Snegirev is buried.

However, there is also a purely Slavic version that links the name Kolomna with a common Slavic root colo-(meaning "circle, circumference), Russian dialect kolomen- “neighborhood, neighborhood”. So, despite the interesting arguments in favor of the Finno-Ugric version, the question of the origin of the toponym Kolomna cannot be considered closed.

But let's return from the south-eastern suburbs to the capital, to the former village of Kolomenskoye.

For many Orthodox, the name Kolomenskoye is associated with the words state, sovereign, since it was in this ancient Moscow area in the tragic year 1917 that the famous Sovereign icon was found Mother of God. Here is its story in a brief retelling of the Muscovite V. G. Glushkova: “The icon was found on an exceptional day for Russia, when Nicholas II was forced to abdicate. It happened like this. Evdokia Andrianova, a peasant woman of the Bronnitsky district, had two dreams that the icon of the Mother of God was in the village of Kolomenskoye. The peasant woman went to the village of Kolomenskoye, found the priest's house, and told him about her dreams. In the basement of the temple, among the icons, Evdokia Andrianova recognized the icon she had seen in a dream. On the icon, the majestic face, scepter, scarlet porphyry and orb emphasize that the Mother of God herself on that day assumed custody of Russia and its people. The icon was called "Sovereign". In the Soviet period, the Derzhavnaya icon was kept in the storerooms of the State Historical Museum until 1988. ... And in 1990, the famous icon, the patroness of Moscow and Russia, was returned to the Kazan Church in the village of Kolomenskoye.

Kolomenskoye is one of the true reserves of Russian history, archeology, culture and architecture. This geographical name awakens in the memory of hundreds of thousands of people the memories of meeting with the exposition of a wonderful museum, with the Dyakov settlement of the Early Iron Age, with the Church of the Truncation of the Head of John the Baptist, erected in the first half of the 16th century and which probably became the prototype of St. Basil's Cathedral, with the house of Peter I, with 500-year-old oaks miraculously preserved to this day...

But still, the main pearl of Kolomenskoye, known throughout the world, is the Church of the Ascension of the Lord, unique in its composition, which is believed to have been founded by order of Prince Vasily III in honor of the birth of his son, the future first Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible, and consecrated in 1532. Its height reaches 40 meters! Located on the steep and high right bank of the Moskva River, the Ascension Church with a 28-meter octagonal sharp tent evokes amazing feelings of aspiration upward to heaven, to eternity ... The Russian chronicler, having seen it, wrote: “Because that church is wonderful in height , beauty and lordship, such has not happened before in Rus'. A few centuries later, the famous French composer Hector Berlioz visited Kolomenskoye. The Church of the Ascension of the Lord literally shocked him: “Nothing has struck me so much in life,” G. Berlioz wrote, “as a monument of ancient Russian architecture in the village of Kolomenskoye. I saw a lot, I admired a lot, I was amazed by a lot, but time, ancient time in Russia, which left its monument in this village, was for me a miracle of miracles. I saw the Strasbourg Cathedral, which was built over the centuries, I stood near the Milan Cathedral, but apart from the plastered decorations, I found nothing. And then the beauty of the whole appeared before me. Everything in me trembled. It was a mysterious silence. Harmony of beauty of finished forms. I saw some new kind of architecture. I saw the aspiration upward, and for a long time I stood stunned.

“Wonder of miracles” and “beauty of the whole” isn’t this the real meaning of the word Kolomenskoye? You can check it out for yourself...

Manor "Kolomenskoye": wiki: Facts about Russia. Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye The most important historical events that took place in Kolomenskoye

The most important historical events that took place in Kolomenskoye

Modern Kolomna

Administrative-territorial structure

General plan for the development of the city

Society

Local government

Economy

Science and education

Religion

Orthodoxy

Islam

Transport

Sport

Football

Skating

rowing

Chess school

Boxing

Basketball

Attractions

Kolomna Kremlin

City streets

Parks and squares of the city

twin cities

see also

Notes

Literature

Links

Why do a lot of mice dream

Patriarch Alexy II was married

Amulets to attract money, wealth, good luck and success The most powerful talisman that brings wealth

Where and how to find your soul mate?

Fortune telling on the cards: a layout in the name of a guy Fortune telling in the name of alignment and meaning

Manor "Kolomenskoye": wiki: Facts about Russia. Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye The most important historical events that took place in Kolomenskoye

The most important historical events that took place in Kolomenskoye

Modern Kolomna

Administrative-territorial structure

General plan for the development of the city

Society

Local government

Economy

Science and education

Religion

Orthodoxy

Islam

Transport

Sport

Football

Skating

rowing

Chess school

Boxing

Basketball

Attractions

Kolomna Kremlin

City streets

Parks and squares of the city

twin cities

see also

Notes

Literature

Links

Similar articles