Philosophy tests to control residual knowledge. Philosophy Tests to Control Residual Knowledge Western Philosophy Test
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THE SUBJECT OF PHILOSOPHY
WITH Greek the word "philosophy" is translated as:
love for truth
love of wisdom
peace doctrine
divine wisdom
He first used the word "philosophy" and called himself a "philosopher":
Aristotle
Pythagoras
Determine the time of the origin of philosophy:
middle of III millennium BC
7th-6th centuries BC.
XVII-XVIII centuries
The foundations of being, the problems of cognition, the purpose of a person and his position in the world are studied by:
philosophy
ontology
epistemology
Philosophy must solve specific problems facing society at a given time.
Philosophy is designed to reflect the characteristics of the era, to express the spirit of the time
The thinking of philosophers is determined by the socio-economic conditions of the society in which they live.
defining feature religious outlook is:
belief in a single creator god
negation human freedom the belief that all actions are originally ordained by God
contemptuous attitude to the achievements of science, denial of their reliability
belief in the supernatural otherworldly forces having the ability to influence the course of events in the world
The direction that denies the existence of God is called:
atheism
skepticism
agnosticism
neo-Thomism
What is characteristic of the epistemic line in philosophy?
identification of philosophy with theology
assertion as a substance of only one principle
view of reality as constantly evolving
Ontology is:
the doctrine of the universal conditionality of phenomena
the doctrine of the essence and nature of science
the doctrine of being, of its fundamental principles
the doctrine of correct forms of thinking
Gnoseology is:
the doctrine of the development and functioning of science
the doctrine of nature, the essence of knowledge
the doctrine of logical forms and laws of thought
the doctrine of the essence of the world, its structure
Anthropology is:
the doctrine of development and universal interconnection
doctrine of man
the science of animal behavior in natural conditions
philosophical doctrine of society
Axiology is:
doctrine of values
doctrine of development
justice theory
Ethics is:
doctrine of development
the doctrine of being
theory of the moral superiority of some people over others
the doctrine of morality and moral values
Branch of philosophy in which the problems of cognition are developed
Aesthetics
Ontology
Epistemology
According to Marxist philosophy, the essence of the main question of philosophy is:
relation of mind to matter
meaning of life
correlation of the natural and social worlds
driving forces for the development of society
Idealism is characterized by the statement:
consciousness is primary, matter does not exist independently of consciousness
matter and consciousness are two principles that exist independently of each other
Dualism is characterized by the thesis:
consciousness is primary, matter does not exist independently of consciousness
matter and consciousness are two principles that exist independently of each other
it is a strict consistent system of judgments about nature
consciousness is primary, matter does not exist
Who owns this statement: “I affirm that there are no things. We're just used to talking about things; in fact, there is only my thinking, there is only my "I" with its inherent sensations. The material world only seems to us, it is just a certain way of talking about our feelings”?
materialist
To the objective idealist
dualist
Subjective idealist
About what historical type worldview is here: “Is this a holistic worldview, in which various ideas are linked into a single figurative picture of the world, combining reality and fantasy, natural and supernatural, knowledge and faith, thought and emotions”?
mythology
Philosophies
Some Christian theologians claim that the whole world. The entire universe was created by God in six days, and God himself is a disembodied intellect, an all-perfect Personality. What philosophical direction corresponds to such a view of the world?
Pantheism
subjective idealism
Objective idealism
Vulgar materialism
With the statement: "Thinking is the same product of the activity of the brain, as bile is a product of the activity of the liver," the representative would agree:
metaphysical materialism
dialectical materialism
vulgar materialism
natural science materialism
Agnosticism is:
a doctrine that denies the cognizability of the essence of the objective world
doctrine that postulates the presence of otherworldly forces
the doctrine of the development of philosophical knowledge
doctrine of values
Agnosticism is:
direction in the theory of knowledge, which believes that adequate knowledge of the world is impossible
distrust of sensory experience
a philosophical position that considers all the phenomena of the world in their interconnection and development
denial of rational ways of knowing the world
They deny the possibility of knowing the world:
materialists
agnostics
dogmatists
positivists
The direction of Western European philosophy, which denies the cognitive value of philosophy, the presence of its own, original subject:
philosophy of life
pragmatism
neo-Thomism
positivism
PHILOSOPHY OF THE ANCIENT EAST
The law of retribution in Indian religion and religious philosophy, which determines the nature of the new birth of reincarnation:
karma
The name of the founder of Buddhism, meaning awakened, enlightened:
Buddha
Confucius
Nagarjuna
Name of the founder of Buddhism
Badarayan
Patanjali
Mahavir
Siddhartha
The central concept of Buddhism and Jainism, meaning the highest state, the goal of human aspirations:
nirvana
"Everything flows"
"You can't step into the same river twice"
"The fundamental principle of the world is fire"
"The beginning of all things is water"
Anaximenes took for the fundamental principle of all things
AirFire
Number
waterThe position: “Number is the essence and meaning of everything that is in the world”, belongs to:
Pythagoras
Protagoras
1. The ideas of what direction in philosophy were clearly expressed in the activities of the Vienna Circle?
A) *neopositivism
B) philosophy of life
C) existentialism
D) personalism
E) postmodernism
2. The representative of the philosophy of the Renaissance is:
A) *N. Cusa
B) Epicurus
C) P. Abelard
D) R. Descartes
E) B. Spinoza
3. The idea of anthropocentrism belongs to the era
A) *Revival
B) Enlightenment
C) Medieval
D) Antiquities
E) New time
4. What was the central problem in the philosophy of N. Kuzansky:
A) * scientific ignorance
B) rational cognition
C) Dual Truth Theory
D) the doctrine of monads
E) the doctrine of "innate ideas"
5. Philosopher of the New Age, who introduced the term "monad" as a spiritual unit of being:
A) *Leibniz
B) Bacon
C) Locke
D) Hobbes
E) Descartes
6. About the nature of changes in the world as a whole teaches:
A) *dialectic
B) biology
C) chemistry
D) astronomy
E) history
7. The principle of "dual truth" includes:
A) *separation of scientific and religious truths
B) notion of the relativity of truth
C) the idea of God as the source of knowledge
D) the idea that any judgment can be true or false
E) recognition of equal rights of two principles: spirit and matter
8. F. Bacon distinguishes four types of idol or ghosts. Determine what does not apply to idols, signs?
A) *Idols of the Universe
B) Cave Idols
C) Idols of the Square
D) Idols of the family
E) Theater Idols
9. Innate ideas were discussed in the philosophy of rationalism in the 17th century.
A) *Descartes
B) Leibniz
C) Spinoza
D) Bacon
E) Hobbes
10. The concept of substance is characteristic of philosophy:
A) *R. Descartes
B) M. Heidegger
C) A. Camus
D) P. Abelard
E) Mo Tzu
11. He considered deduction to be the main method of obtaining true facts:
A) *R. Descartes
B) Malebranche
C) F. Bacon
D) B. Pascal
E) J. Locke
12. R. Descartes solves the problem of ontology:
A) *dualistically
B) monistically
C) pluralistically
D) archaic
E) skeptical
13. "I think, therefore I am." Who is the author of the saying?
A) *R. Descartes
B) G. Hegel
C) Al-Farabi
D) Al-Kindi
E) Plato
14. The doctrine of a single substance was developed by:
A) *B. Spinoza
B) T. Hobbes
C) J. Bacon
D) J. Locke
E) D. Hume
15. He considered induction to be the main method of obtaining true facts in the New Organon:
A) *F. bacon
B) B. Pascal
C) R. Descartes
D) J. Locke
E) P. Gassendi
16. "It", "I" and "super-I" - concepts:
A) * Freudianism
B) phenomenology
C) structuralism
D) positivism
E) existentialism
17. In the philosophy of modern times there were two following directions:
A) *empiricism-rationalism
B) nominalism-realism
C) agnosticism-idealism
D) there is no correct answer
E) absurdism - nihilism
18. The concept of “monad” refers to philosophy:
A) *G. Leibniz
B) Epicurus
C) F. Aquinas
D) F. Bacon
E) P. Gassendi
19. F. Bacon was a representative of the direction:
A) *empiricism
B) rationalism
C) nominalism
D) irrationalism
E) voluntarism
20. Kant's work "Critique of Pure Reason" is devoted to the problems of:
A) *epistemology
B) axiology
C) politics
D) being
E) society
21. Feuerbach refers to the representatives of:
A) *materialism
B) idealism
C) agnosticism
D) skepticism
E) rationalism
22. Kant's work "Critique of Practical Reason" is devoted to the problems of:
A) * morality
B) epistemology
C) politics
D) being
E) practices
23. "The starry sky above me and the moral law in me" - the two main directions of his philosophy expressed
A) *I. Kant
B) F. Schelling
C) G. Hegel
D) L. Feuerbach
E) I. Fichte
24. According to Feuerbach:
A) *Man created God
B) God created man
C) The Demiurge is the author of the universe
D) God created nature
E) Man is a wolf to man
25. "Philosophy of life" refers to:
A) *non-classical philosophy
B) classical philosophy
C) rational philosophy
D) German classical philosophy
E) philosophy of the Enlightenment
26. The concept of "thing in itself" belongs to philosophy:
A) *I. Kant
B) G. Hegel
C) I. Fichte
D) F. Schelling
E) Socrates
27. The concept of imperative means:
A) *law
B) principle
C) politics
D) happiness
E) contradiction
28. According to Feuerbach, the starting point of philosophy is:
A) *person
B) god
C) politics
D) knowledge
E) apeiron
29. To whom did the words belong: "... act in such a way as to use a person for yourself as well as for another, always as an end and never just as a means"?
A) *I. Cantu
B) Socrates
C) Confucius
D) J.J. Rousseau
E) K. Jaspers
30. From the point of view of Kant's philosophy, the essence of a thing is to know:
A) *not allowed
B) can
C) he doesn't touch this issue at all
D) he does not give a specific answer to this question
E) the entity is missing
31. The laws of dialectics include:
A) *Law of negation of negation
B) Law of natural selection
C) Law of Sufficient Reason
D) Law of the excluded middle
E) Law of acceleration of history
32. Author of the work "Phenomenology of Spirit":
A) *G. Hegel
B) B. Spinoza
C) G. Leibniz
D) I. Kant
E) Socrates
33. A special section of philosophy that deals with the problem of man is called:
A) *anthropology
B) praxeology
C) eristic
D) epistemology
E) archeology
34. Representative of existentialism:
A) *K. Jaspers
B) T. Kuhn
C) L. Feuerbach
D) M. Weber
E) I. Huizinga
35. Existence is a category of philosophy.
A) *Existentialism
B) Neopositivism
C) Neo-Thomism
D) Freudianism
E) Personalism
36. Denial of the effective presence of God in the world after the creation of the world:
A) *deism
B) pantheism
C) panentheism
D) atheism
E) theism
37. The fundamental idea of psychoanalysis is the idea:
A) *unconscious
B) understanding
C) being
D) absurd
E) power
38. Representative of the "Philosophy of Life":
A) *G. Simmel
B) A. Camus
C) M. Heidegger
D) K. Jaspers
E) R. Bart
39. The problem of man is central to the philosophy of the 20th century:
A) *existentialism
B) scientism
C) positivism
D) Neo-Thomism
E) pragmatism
40. The concept of "boundary situation" is characteristic of philosophy:
A) *existentialism
B) German classical philosophy
C) Marxism
D) hermeneutics
E) Middle Ages
41. The representative of critical rationalism is:
A) *K. popper
B) G. Gadamer
C) J.-P. Sartre
D) E. Fromm
E) L. Wittgenstein
42. A person makes himself, acquires his essence, already existing - this point of view is typical for:
A) *existentialism
B) positivism
C) Neo-Thomism
D) personalism
E) hermeneutics
43. What does not apply to the forms of rational knowledge?
A) *Will
B) Concepts
C) Judgments
D) Inductive reasoning
E) Deductive reasoning
44. Name philosophical concept, which reflects the process of comprehending one's own spiritual processes, reflecting on the methods of one's thought and their social significance.
A) *Reflection (principle of human consciousness)
B) Transcendental Apperception
C) Maieutics
D) Empiriocriticism
E) Immanence
45. The concept of "verification" belongs to the philosophy:
A) *neopositivism
B) psychoanalysis
C) hermeneutics
D) Thomism
E) postmodernism
46. The concept of "existence" is translated as:
A) *existence
B) freedom
C) equality
D) order
E) essence
47. From a philosophical point of view, man is a being:
A) *biosocial
B) social
C) biological
D) religious
E) playing
48. One of the objects of study of structuralism is:
A) *sign systems
B) political theories
C) value issues
D) economic problems
E) being
49. The representative of "hermeneutics" is:
A) *Gadamer
B) Nietzsche
C) Schopenhauer
D) Feyerabend
E) I. Lakatos
50. The representative of postmodernism is:
A) *F. Deleuze
B) A. Camus
C) J. P. Sartre
D) G. Marcel
E) A. Besant
51. The ancient sage Zeno tried to theoretically comprehend the movement. What was the name of his evidence?
A) *aporia
B) theories
C) modes
D) attributes
E) ideas
52. According to Aristotle, matter is:
A) *potential prerequisite or possibility for the existence of a thing
B) Logos
C) the soul of any thing
D) cosmic intelligence
E) God
53. Ancient philosopher, author of the thesis “Man is the measure of all things”:
A) * Protagoras
B) Aristotle
C) Socrates
D) Plato
E) Gorgias
54. Founder of atomism:
A) *Democritus
B) Aristotle
C) Anaxagoras
D) Plato
E) Hume
55. In Ancient Greece the art of conversation is one of the forms:
A) *Dialectics
B) Dualism
C) Imagination
D) Knowledge
E) Metaphysics
56. The nature of the Platonic idea:
A) *Not material, but intelligible
B) Not material and incomprehensible
C) Refers to hostile concepts
D) Material, intelligible
E) Material but not intelligible
57. Serenity, equanimity of spirit, calm contemplation of eternal truth in ancient Greece was considered:
A) *The highest value, the ideal of a free person
B) Grounds for reprimand
C) Waste of time
D) The main disadvantage of philosophy
E) A sign of carelessness
58. Which of the listed ancient Greek philosophers belonged to the Eleatic school:
A) *Zeno
B) Heraclitus
C) Socrates
D) Democritus
E) Epicurus
59. According to Aristotle:
A) *Matter is passive, form is active
B) Matter is active, form is passive
C) Matter is infinite, form is finite
D) Matter and form are finite
E) Matter and form are infinite
60. Indicate the name of a philosopher who is not a representative of antiquity:
A) *Spinoza
B) Thales
C) Anaximenes
D) Anaximander
E) Heraclitus
61. An outstanding Roman orator and politician who combined Greek and Roman cultures, a Latin genius who spread Greek thought throughout the world:
A) *Cicero
B) Plotinus
C) Seneca
D) Boethius
E) Marcus Aurelius
62. The concept of "Li" means:
A) *Following ceremonies
B) love
C) Following natural law
D) Following the dictates of the heart
E) Education
63. The saying “The morality of a noble man is like the wind, the morality of a low person is like grass. Grass bends where the wind blows” is typical for the philosophical school:
A) *Confucianism
B) Legalism
C) Taoism
D) Yin-Yang
E) names
64. "Wu-wei" - the basic principle of the school:
A) *Taoism
B) Yin-Yang
C) Confucianism
D) Moisma
E) Legalism
65. Management of society in Confucianism is compared with the relationship:
A) *father and son
B) mother and children
C) coach and trainee
D) husband and wife
E) officer and soldier
66. Founder of Taoism:
A) *Laozi
B) Xun Tzu
C) Mencius
D) Kung Fu Tzu
E) Wenzi
67. The books of "Chinese education" include:
A) *5 books
B) 2 books
C) 3 books
D) 7 books
E) 4 books
68. The founder of the Jain doctrine is considered:
A) *Mahavir Vardhamana
B) Buddha
C) Confucius
D) Charvak
E) Laozi
69. Holy texts ancient india:
A) * Vedas
B) Bible
C) gospel
D) Quran
E) Runes
70. "A person's life is suffering, the way out is to achieve nirvana" refer to philosophical system:
A) *Buddhism
B) Taoism
C) Jainism
D) Charvak
E) Vaisheshika
71. The central idea of Jainism is:
A) *Principle of a-himsa (doing no harm)
B) Knowledge of all things
C) Asceticism
D) Pursuit of Happiness
E) Appeal to God
72. Ancient Indian system of materialism:
A) *charvaka
B) yoga
C) vaisheshika
D) nyaya
E) Taoism
73. The first commandment of Buddhism says:
A) *Life is suffering
B) Life is love for a person
C) Life is a search for truth
D) Life is pleasure
E) Life is eternal and unchanging
74. Orthodox darshan schools include:
A) *nyaya
B) Buddhism
C) Jainism
D) lokayata
E) Confucianism
75. Buddha in translation means:
A) *enlightened
B) righteous
C) reasonable
D) peaceful
E) immortal
76. The law of samsara means:
A) *the law of the cycle of rebirths
B) the law of retribution
C) the law of the primacy of human values
D) the law of natural growth of needs
E) the law of dialectics
77. Real name of Buddha:
A) *Siddhartha Gautama
B) Laozi
C) Charvak
D) Anaxagoras
E) Gina
78. The term "patristics" means:
A) * the teaching of the "fathers of the church"
B) creed
C) medieval philosophy
D) God's justification
E) the teachings of P. Abelard
79. What was the dispute between realists and nominalists about:
A) *On the nature of general concepts (universals)
B) About God
C) About society
D) About the nature of man
E) On the possibility of knowledge
80. Justification of God for the existence of evil in the world and society:
A) *Theodicy
B) Theology
C) Teleology
D) Theogony
E) Theosophy
81. The "golden age of scholasticism" falls on:
A) *13th century
B) 11th century
C) 14th century
D) 6th century
E) 2nd century
82. The discussion between realists and nominalists took place in:
A) * medieval philosophy
B) ancient philosophy
C) modern philosophy
D) Enlightenment philosophies
E) the philosophy of the Reformation
83. Creationism explains the origin of life:
A) *the creation of God
B) emanation of an idea
C) manifestation of the will to live
D) self-organization of matter
E) appearance from space
84. A person in medieval philosophy was considered as:
A) *The image and likeness of God
B) Child of nature
C) The lowest creation in the hierarchy of creations
D) Being self-sufficient
E) Part of the Cosmos
85. A dogma is an establishment, the truth of which is accepted:
A) *No proof
B) Through proof
C) Through observation
D) Through experiment
E) Empirically
86. The representative of the period of scholasticism is:
A) *Thomas Aquinas
B) Aurelius Augustine
C) Cicero
D) Zeno of China
E) Diogenes of Sinop
87. What is pantheism?
A) *godlessness - recognition of the presence of God in all nature
B) recognition of the primacy of matter in relation to consciousness
C) God is the center of the universe
D) recognition that the mind is the main instrument of knowledge
E) recognition of the primacy of the spiritual principle
88. Christianity as a religion grew from the bowels of:
A) *Judaism
B) Brahmanism
C) Confucianism
D) totemism
E) Islam
89. Chief philosophical work Augustine is called:
A) * "Confession"
B) "About the mind"
C) "Research on human mind»
D) "On the Immortality of the Human Soul"
E) "On Nature"
90. What direction of medieval Arab-Muslim philosophy offers a mystical way to comprehend God?
A) *Sufism
B) Averroism
C) Eastern Peripatetism
D) Philosophy of orthodox Islam
E) Kalam
91. The meaning of the theory of "dual truth", according to Ibn-Rushd, is:
A) * Recognition of the truth of faith and philosophical reasoning as independent
B) The desire to make science and philosophy independent, to save them from the tutelage of religion
C) The existence of two truths: one for yourself and the other for others
D) Recognition as true of the provisions that lead to a specific practical result and the truth, proven in a logical way
E) Recognition of the truth reached at the sensual level as independent, in contrast to the truth reached at the rational level
92. Medieval Europe knew Aristotle in the presentation:
A) *Al-Farabi
B) Al-Biruni
C) Augustine
D) Ibn Rushda
E) Al-Ghazali
93. In medieval Arabic-language thought, the term "falsafa" means:
A) *a rational way of understanding the world
b) mystical way understanding God
C) articles of faith
D) Islamic Law
E) Muslim theology
94. The most important tradition adopted by Al-Farabi from ancient philosophy:
A) *Peripateticism
B) Hylozoism
C) Skepticism
D) Idealism
E) Mysticism
95. The first representative of Eastern Aristotelianism:
A) *Al-Kindi
B) Al-Farabi
C) Al-Biruni
D) Ibn Rushd
E) Ibn Sina
96. Who is the author of the work "Canon of Medicine"?
A) *Ibn Sina
B) Al-Farabi
C) Al-Biruni
D) Ibn Rushd
E) Al-Ghazali
97. Medieval Muslim philosophy has its origin in
A) *Arabia
B) Spain
C) Africa
D) Italy
E) Israel
98. The basis of neo-Thomism is the philosophy:
A) *Thomas Aquinas
B) Aurelius Augustine
C) Pierre Abelard
D) Tertullian
E) Aristotle
99. Islam is associated with the idea:
A) *strict monotheism
B) polytheism
C) pluralism
D) dualism
E) atheism
100. In the philosophy of Sufism, the main problem is the attitude of a person to:
A) *God
B) to himself
C) to a person
D) society
E) nature
101. Subject of philosophy:
A) *system " The world is a man»
B) "Chief-slave" system
C) system " Culture is a person»
D) "Mechanisms-elements" system
E) "Culture-worldview" system
102. Category -:
A) *this is a general concept that reflects the general interconnections of nature, society and knowledge, ideal forms of practical activity;
B) these are general concepts that reflect the relationship between nature and society;
C) these are general concepts that reflect the relationship of society, knowledge;
D) these are general concepts that reflect the relationship between nature and knowledge;
E) these are general concepts that reflect the relationship between nature and man.
103. Founder of Taoism:
A) *Laozi
B) Mo Tzu
C) Xun Tzu
D) Mencius
E) Confucius
104. Substrate of all physical processes are:
A) *elementary particles:
B) molecules;
C) macrobody;
D) stars;
E) galaxies.
105. The fundamental principle of dialectical thinking is the unity of dialectics:
A) *logic and theory of knowledge;
B) and methodology;
C) and the ability to speak;
D) and the art of argument;
E) epistemology and methodology.
106. The dialectic of essence and appearance is as follows:
A) *the phenomenon is essential, the essence is;
B) the phenomenon and essence are identical;
C) phenomenon and essence are independent of each other;
D) the phenomenon is higher than the essence;
E) the essence is higher than the phenomenon.
107. Choose a definition of matter that is philosophical:
A) *matter is an objective reality given to us in sensations;
B) matter - substance, field and vacuum;
C) matter is molecules and atoms;
D) matter is everything that has mass, energy;
E) matter is just the sound of a voice.
108. Select a group of categories expressing the content of the law of unity and struggle of opposites:
A) *difference, contrast, contradiction;
B) substance, causality, interaction;
C) denial, denial of denial, withdrawal;
D) quality, quantity, measure;
E) possibility, reality, probability.
109. "Space and time are forms of our perception" - judgment:
A) *subjective idealism;
B) objective idealism;
C) metaphysical materialism:
D) dialectical materialism;
E) dualism.
110. What way of thinking is inherent in the formation of paired, polar categories?
A) *dialectics;
B) synergy;
C) metaphysics;
D) sophistry;
E) eclecticism.
111. In the process of development, the law of mutual transition of quantitative and qualitative changes reveals:
A) *mechanism;
B) orientation;
C) reversibility;
D) source;
E) cyclicity.
112. Categories of dialectics:
A) *essence and phenomenon;
B) atomicity, valence;
C) circulation;
D) space;
E) eclecticism.
113. Under the structure of matter is understood:
A) * internally dissected integrity, the natural order of the connection of elements in the whole;
B) its absolute homogeneity;
C) lack of internal organization;
D) the presence of some elements;
E) internal emptiness.
114. Find the wrong thesis:
A) * Development is a linear process taking place on an unchanging basis;
B) Development is a spasmodic dialectical process
C) In the world everything flows, everything changes
D) Progress is the development of complex systems, which is characterized by a transition from lower to higher
E) The principle of development is a necessary methodological principle of the modern humanitarian profession.
115. The levels of organization of non-living systems include:
A) *lithosphere
B) cage
C) social system
D) biocenosis
E) population
116. The classical definition of matter from the standpoint of dialectical materialism is given in:
A) * "Materialism and empirio-criticism"
B) "Dialectic of nature"
C) "Being and Time"
D) "Step back, two forward"
E) "On the movement of the celestial spheres"
117. The concept of movement is:
A) *absolute
B) relative
C) comparable
D) positive
E) negative
118. The parameters of space include:
A) *height
B) angle
C) mass
D) degree
E) pressure
119. The desire to revive the ideals and values of antiquity is characteristic of the era:
A) *Revival
B) feudalism
C) Enlightenment
D) Middle Ages
E) New time
120. The idea of dialectics was first identified in philosophy:
A) *Heraclitus
B) Plato
C) Socrates
D) Aristotle
E) Epicurus
121. The theoretical formulation of dialectics was done:
A) *Hegel
B) Marx
C) Spencer
D) Hume
E) Kant
122. The laws of dialectics include:
A) *transition law quantitative changes into quality
B) the law of natural selection
C) law of sufficient reason
D) the law of the excluded middle
E) the law of non-contradiction
123. The principle of universal connection belongs to:
A) *dialectics
B) dualism
C) skepticism
D) monism
E) pluralism
124. The philosophy that professes knowledge in its utility function is called:
A) *pragmatism
B) Marxism
C) Neo-Thomism
D) neo-empiricism
E) personalism
125. Reflection as a philosophical concept means:
A) *any changes to the object as a result of the impact on it of another object
B) any interaction of an object
C) an absolute copy of the reflected object
D) reproduction of the structure, properties of the reflected object
E) mirror image of one object in another
126. Truth is an adequate reflection of the object by the cognizing subject. This point of view belongs to:
A) *marxism
B) pragmatism
C) existentialism
D) phenomenology
E) intuitionism
127. Stages of knowledge-:
A) *sensual and rational
B) ordinary and scientific
C) theoretical and pragmatic
D) reason and feeling
E) observation and experience
128. Rational cognition includes the following forms:
A) *concept, judgment, conclusion
B) sensation, perception
C) feelings, emotions, reason
D) "I", "it", over I"
E) fantasy, fiction, conjecture
129. Choose the definition of truth proposed by the mathematician Poincare and in the history of science, it entered as a conventionalist concept of truth:
A) *truth is the result of the agreement of scientists
B) truth - correspondence of knowledge to reality
C) truth is consistent knowledge
D) true-result
E) the truth is the theory that is confirmed in practice and benefits
130. Two levels of scientific knowledge:
A) *theoretical and empirical
B) physical and metaphysical
C) materialistic and idealistic
D) subjective and objective
E) mundane and practical
131. What is the most fundamental criterion of truth from the standpoint of dialectical materialism:
A) *practice
B) recognition
C) beauty
D) utility
E) distinctness and clarity
132. The statement that everything in the world is relative and only relative is:
A) *relativism
B) subjectivism
C) agnosticism
D) skepticism
E) none of the above
133. What is fundamental in the process of cognition?
A) * it is necessary to have a subject and an object of knowledge
B) the presence of the object of knowledge
C) availability of means of knowledge
D) having the ability to know
E) the presence of absolute self-consciousness
134. Method based on the transition from general knowledge to particular
A) *deduction
B) synthesis
C) induction
D) sociometry
E) Analysis
135. Implicit awareness of social life by people without special cognitive activity:
A) *ordinary consciousness
B) ideology
C) theoretical consciousness
D) philosophy
E) science
136. Methodology is:
A) *the doctrine of the scientific method of cognition
B) improvement, update
C) the theory of the origin of the universe
D) complete denial of generally accepted norms
E) the doctrine of man
137. What is consciousness?
A) * subjective reality, purposeful reflection of reality
B) mental in general
C) sphere of thought
D) the divine gift of awareness of oneself and the surrounding reality
E) the sphere of sensuality
138. There are several definitions of reflection. Which one is philosophical?
A) *reflection is any reaction to any impact
B) a reflection is a specular reflection
C) reflection is a trace
D) reflection is a snapshot
E) reflection is imprint
139. Mental image:
A) *perfect
B) material
C) visual
D) social
E) emotional
140. Art, morality, religion, politics are:
A) *forms of social consciousness
B) shapes mass consciousness
C) forms of everyday consciousness
D) forms of practical consciousness
E) forms of spiritual experience
141. In the "noospheric" model of human civilization, the main role is assigned to:
A) *science
B) nations
C) economics
D) to the state
E) religions
142. The first basic function of morality:
A) *regulatory
B) Enlightenment
C) read notation
D) educational
E) organizational
143. Assuming that value is the norm, he introduced the problem of values into sociology:
A) *Weber
B) Comte
C) Sorokin
D) Rickert
E) Dewey
144. The doctrine of beauty, of the beautiful in philosophy is called:
A) *aesthetics
B) epistemology
c) social philosophy
D) ethics
E) ontology
145. Spiritual values:
A) *Have both practical and non-utilitarian character
B) Are mystical in nature
C) Have a non-utilitarian character
D) Are practical
E) Are playful
146. Human rights are one of:
A) *Universal human values
B) Communication values
C) Wealth
D) Lifestyle values
E) Interdisciplinary values
147. Translated from Latin, the word "morality" means:
A) *Moral
B) reasonable
C) sensual
D) mental
E) immoral
148. Value relations are:
A) *Relationships between people about existing value systems in society
B) Relationship between people and values
C) The hierarchy of values accepted in a given society
D) Relationships between values
E) Interaction between devices
149. The subject of ethics is:
A) * morality as a phenomenon public life;
B) a specific material thing;
C) the behavior of a particular person;
D) people's way of life;
E) features of informal groups.
150. Production and consumer values are:
A) *element of material assets;
B) an independent type of values;
C) element of social values;
D) the same as material values;
E) technical system.
151. The essence of the mythological view of the world is:
A) *in the indivisibility, unity, integrity of the world outlook;
B) in recognition of the substantial principle in the world;
C) in faith in the omnipotence of one God;
D) in opposition to man and nature;
E) in the division of the world into lower and higher spheres of existence
152. Philosophy has no function:
A) *technological;
B) cognitive;
C) worldview;
D) educational;
E) cultural integration.
153. The transition of opposites into each other is the principle:
A) *Taoism;
B) Confucianism;
C) legalism;
D) Buddhism;
E) Jainism.
154. Cause of human suffering according to Buddhism:
A) *in the thirst for desires;
B) in the worship of heaven;
C) in the pursuit of nirvana;
D) in worship to the spirits of ancestors;
E) in love with a person.
155. The formula of the identity of being and thinking was derived by the ancient Greek philosopher:
A) *Parmenides;
B) Pythagoras;
C) Heraclitus;
D) Socrates;
E) Plato.
156. The author of the philosophical doctrine of "matter" and "form" was:
A) *Aristotle;
B) Socrates;
C) Heraclitus;
D) Democritus;
E) Plato.
157. Philosophical views Heraclitus of Ephesus, Zeno of Elea ... makes related:
A) * spontaneous dialectics;
B) spontaneous learning;
C) poetry;
D) spontaneous materialism;
E) spontaneous idealism.
158. The followers of Aristotle's philosophy are called:
A) *peripatetics;
B) skeptics;
C) scholastics;
D) realists;
E) nominalists.
159. The doctrine of the earthly city and the heavenly city created:
A) *A. Augustine;
B) Iamblichus;
C) F. Aquinas;
D) Plotinus;
E) Demosthenes.
160. A theocentric worldview can be called a worldview:
A) * the era of the Middle Ages;
B) the era of Antiquity (Ancient Greece);
C) the Renaissance;
D) eras scientific revolution;
E) the Age of Enlightenment.
161. Patristics is:
A) *a set of theological and philosophical views of Christian thinkers.
B) the principle according to which God created living and inanimate nature;
C) the principle of taking one beginning as the basis of everything that exists;
D) philosophical position, according to which any
the material body has a soul;
E) aesthetic teaching;
162. Philosophy has become "the servant of theology." What period in the history of philosophy corresponds to this characteristic?
A) * the era of the Middle Ages.
B) the Renaissance;
C) new time;
D) the Age of Enlightenment;
E) antiquity;
163. The main trend in the thinking, ideology and culture of the Renaissance is:
A) *transition from theocentric to anthropocentric understanding
peace;
B) the fight against anthropocentrism;
C) striving for a peaceful existence;
D) return to a cosmocentric worldview;
E) obscurantism.
164. Founder of the heliocentric system of the world:
A) *N. Copernicus;
B) Ptolemy;
C) Archimedes;
D) Laplace;
E) G. Galileo.
165. Pantheism is the doctrine of unity:
A) *God and nature;
B) ideas and matter;
C) mind and will;
D) knowledge and faith;
E) time and space.
166. Recognition of two independent substances - thinking and extended - belongs to:
A) *R. Descartes;
B) F. Bacon;
C) T. Hobbes;
D) B. Spinoza;
E) J. Locke.
167. Founder of new European rationalism:
A) *R. Descartes;
B) T. Hobbes;
C) I. Kant;
D) J. Locke;
E) G. Leibniz.
168. Obstacles on the path of knowledge, generated by the use of incorrect words, most often common in markets, in public places, Bacon called:
A) *idols of the square;
B) the idols of the cave;
C) idols of the theatre;
D) idols of the family;
E) pluralism.
169. The logical form of reasoning underlying empiricism is called:
A) *induction;
B) deduction;
C) analysis;
D) synthesis;
E) analogy.
170. According to F. Bacon, the meaning, vocation and tasks of science are:
A) *public benefit and improvement of people's lives;
B) achieving fame and power;
C) development of the human spirit and knowledge of the world;
D) the achievement of absolute truth;
E) resolution of scientific disputes.
171. The philosophy of modern times relied on authority:
A) *science;
B) a person;
C) society;
D) churches;
E) states.
172. All knowledge begins, according to Kant:
A) *feelings;
B) truths;
C) emotions;
D) mind;
E) experience.
173. According to F. Bacon, empiricism is:
A) * experience based on experiment;
B) isolated sensory perception;
C) the form inherent in the thing itself;
D) the mental image of a thing, reflected in the mind;
E) symbolic sign.
174. According to the teachings of Spinoza, there is only one substance - it is:
A) *nature-God;
B) matter;
C) apeiron;
D) an atom;
E) electron.
175. The founders of dialectical materialist philosophy are:
A) *K. Marx and F. Engels;
B) Leucippus and Democritus;
C) F. Bacon and R. Descartes;
D) G. V. Plekhanov and V. I. Lenin;
E) P. Holbach and K. Helvetius.
176. The main criterion for the Marxist typology of society is:
A) * the level of development of the productive forces of society;
B) specific legal and legislative forms;
C) geographical location;
D) the level of technical and scientific development of society;
E) the level of development of spiritual culture.
177. Engels reproached the materialistic philosophy of modern times because of the presence in its features:
A) * mechanistic;
B) voluntarism;
C) rationalism;
D) hylozoism;
E) dialectic.
178. The main stage in the development of medieval philosophy is:
A) *scholasticism;
B) sophistry;
C) dialectics
D) metaphysics
E) standing
179. Three stages of the intellectual evolution of mankind according to O. Comte:
A) *theological, metaphysical, positive;
B) religious, ethical, metaphysical;
C) aesthetic, ethical, metaphysical;
D) religious, scientific, positive;
E) mythological, philosophical, religious.
180. The author of the formation concept of division of the historical process is:
A) *K. Marx;
B) K. Jaspers;
C) O. Spengler;
D) P. Sorokin;
E) G. Hegel.
181. Insert the missing word into Marx's quote:
“Relations of production constitute the real…. . , above
which rises the legal and political superstructure":
A) *basis;
B) production method;
C) process;
D) complex;
E) real element.
182. Choose the correct definition that reflects the philosophy of Marxism:
A) *people - the creator of history;
B) personality - the creator of history;
C) the individual is the creator of history;
D) world spirit - the creator of history;
E) God is the creator of history.
183. "World Will" in the philosophy of A. Schopenhauer:
A) *unconscious;
B) superconscious;
C) intuitive;
D) divine;
E) sensual.
184. Philosophical and scientific consideration of the Universe:
A) *cosmology
B) eschatology
C) astrology
D) geology
E) astronomy
185. The central concept of Russian Slavophilism:
A) *Conciliarity
B) Theoretical mind
C) Unity
D) Grace
E) Absolute Spirit
186. In the philosophy of V. S. Solovyov, the central category is unity:
A) *dialectical
B) historical
C) negative
D) natural
E) positive
187. "Sobornost" is:
A) * Spiritual unity
B) Spiritual experience
C) Rural community
D) Absoluteization of the individual principle
E) Submission to divine will
188. Solovyov, Florensky representatives:
A) *religious philosophy;
B) Westerners;
C) Slavophiles;
D) sophists;
E) intuitionists.
189. What did Marx absolutize in his theory of social formations:
A) *priority of basis over adjustment
B) bank capital priority
C) the role of politics
D) the role of the working class
E) the role of labor
190. This zhyrau was obsessed with the search for the promised land - zher-uyek and criticized Khan Dzhangir. His name:
A) *Asan-kaigy;
B) Shal-akyn;
C) Korkyt-ata;
D) Bukhar-zhyrau;
E) Dospambet-zhyrau.
191. Founder of German classical philosophy:
A) *Kant
B) Hegel
C) Fichte
D) Marx
E) Feuerbach
192. “Man is a symbolic animal” is the definition of man:
A) *Ernst Cassirer;
B) Friedrich Nietzsche;
C) Max Scheler;
D) Arnold Gehlen;
E) Helmut Plesner.
193What does the concept of "metaphysics" mean in the system of ancient thinking:
A) * the doctrine of the root causes of being
B) the main element of the universe
C) sensory perception
D) the science of correct consistent thinking
E) wisdom
194. The author of the ethics of reverence for life is:
A) *Albert Schweitzer;
B) Oswald Spengler;
C) Bertrand Russell;
D) Ludwig Wittgenstein;
E) Erich Fromm.
195. Verification of the truth procedure in logical positivism
called:
A) *verification;
B) consolidation;
C) specialization;
D) falsification;
E) exteriorization.
196. According to K. Popper, the criterion of scientific rationality of a theory is:
A) *principled refutation;
B) connection with practice;
C) logical correlation with prior knowledge;
D) utility;
E) consistency.
197. The new art of the twentieth century has become "inhuman", abstract, cold and ironic, - this is how the author of the work "Dehumanization of Art" believed:
A) *Ortega y Gasset;
B) Spengler;
C) Nietzsche;
D) Fromm;
E) Marx.
198. Sensory-visual image stored in memory and reproduced in consciousness:
A) *performance
B) perception
C) sensation;
D) judgment
E) concept
199. The mode of existence of matter in Marxist-Leninist philosophy is:
A) *movement;
B) time;
C) space;
D) interdependence;
E) causality.
200. Choose the concept of space and time that is now generally accepted, based on the achievements of science:
A) *relational;
B) substantial;
C) quantum;
D) energy;
E) transcendental.
1. PHILOSOPHICAL CATEGORIES (choose 3 correct answers)
A) * matter
B) *consciousness
C) power
D) integration
E) * being
F) revolution
G) demographics
H) stratum
2. FUNCTIONS OF PHILOSOPHY (choose 3 correct answers)
A) * ideological
B) technological
C) *critical
D) positivist
E) illusory-compensatory
F) *methodological
G) differential
H) class
3. ORTHODOX SCHOOLS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY ARE (choose 3 correct answers)
A) Buddhism
B) *Vedanta
C) charvaka
D) *vaisheshika
E) Taoism
F) *nyaya
G) Lamaism
H) Jainism
4. CONCEPTS OF ANCIENT INDIAN PHILOSOPHY (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *karma
B) yin
C) *atman
D) wu-wei
E) dao
F) xiao
G) ching
H) *brahmin
5. CONCEPTS OF ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY (choose 3 correct answers)
A) karma
B) *yang
C) atman
D) *wu-wei
E) purusha
F) *Tao
G) brahma
H) samsara
6. SAGES OF THE MILETIAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY OF PHILOSOPHY (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *Thales
B) Socrates
C) Heraclitus
D) * Anaximenes
E) Pythagoras
F) Plato
G) * Anaximander
H) Seneca
7. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE RENAISSANCE (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *anthropocentrism
B) theocentrism
C) *humanism
D) creationism
E) rationalism
F) formalism
G) dogmatism
H) *pantheism
8. NATURAL PHILOSOPHERS OF THE RENAISSANCE (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *J. bruno
B) N. Machiavelli
C) *G. Galileo
D) T. More
E) P. della Mirandola
F) F. Petrarch
G) T. Campanella
H) *N. Copernicus
9. PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS OF I. KANT (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *Critique of Pure Reason
B) Criticism of judgments
C) Criticism of humanism
D) *Criticism of Practical Reason
E) *Criticism of judgment abilities
F) Criticism of Formalism
G) Criticism of criticism
H) Criticism of Pantheism
10. THE MOST IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS OF G. HEGEL (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *Phenomenology of Spirit
B) *Science of logic
C) Capital
D) Canons of Wisdom
E) *Philosophy of law
F) Essence of Christianity
G) Scientific teaching
H) Reasoning about method
11. REPRESENTATIVES OF NON-CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY (choose 3 correct answers)
A) F. Engels
B) I. Kant
C) G. Hegel
D) K. Marx
E) *K. Jaspers
F) L. Feuerbach
G) *A. Schopenhauer
H) *F. Nietzsche
12. CONCEPTS OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *existence
B) science
C) *border situation
D) *absurd
E) energy
F) understanding
G) text
H) falsification
13. BASIC CONCEPTS OF HERMENEUTICS (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *text
B) science
C) border situation
D) absurd
E) *author
F) Verification
G) *reader
H) falsification
14. CONCEPTS OF KANT'S PHILOSOPHY (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *thing in itself
B) *antinomy
C) *categorical imperative
D) world mind
E) absolute idea
F) world will
G) thesis
H) synthesis
15. FORMS OF RATIONAL KNOWLEDGE ARE (choose 3 correct answers)
A) *concepts
B) feelings
C) *inference
D) memory
E) *judgments
F) perception
G) views
H) intuition
16. THE PHILOSOPHICAL DIRECTION RECOGNIZING THE EXISTENCE OF TWO INDEPENDENT BEGINNINGS OF THE UNIVERSE IS CALLED (choose one correct answer)
A) monism
B) *dualism
C) pluralism
17. THE MAIN SUBJECT OF PHILOSOPHY IS ATTITUDE (choose one correct answer)
A) *man - world
B) the world is god
C) sky-earth
18. THE MAIN PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTION IS REDUCED TO ATTITUDE (choose one correct answer)
A) yin to yang
B) *thinking to being
C) idealism to humanism
D) humanism to natural philosophy
19. GNOSEOLOGY - A SECTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEDGE CONSIDERING PROBLEMS (choose one correct answer):
A) *knowledge
B) being
C) morality
D) human
20. EXPERIENCE IS THE BASIS (choose one correct answer)
A) rationalism
B) sensationalism
C) *empiricism
21. THE CENTRAL CONCEPT OF R. DECARTES ONTOLOGY (choose one correct answer)
A) *substance
B) monad
C) atom
22. MAIN CONCEPT OF LEIBNIZ ONTOLOGY (choose one correct answer)
A) substance
B) *monad
C) atom
23. T. HOBBS IS THE AUTHOR OF THE THEORY (choose one correct answer)
A) innate ideas
B) separation of powers
C) *social contract
24. THE STATEMENT THAT NOT ONLY KNOWLEDGE, BUT ALSO THE EXISTENCE OF THE WORLD IS DETERMINED BY A HUMAN - EXPRESSES A POSITION (choose one correct answer)
A) *subjective idealism
B) agnosticism
C) objective idealism
25. CARTES'S THEORY OF INTEGRAL IDEAS J. LOCKE OPPOSED THE THEORY WHERE CONSCIOUSNESS IS CONSIDERED AS (choose one correct answer)
A) *blank board
B) printing on wax
C) soul remembrance
26. THE CENTRAL CONCEPT OF I. KANT'S PHILOSOPHY (choose one correct answer)
A) *thing in itself
B) absolute idea
C) will to power
27. TENGRI IS CONSIDERED HABITAT (choose one correct answer)
A) * sky
B) land
C) dungeon
28. Z. FREUD OWNS THE DISCOVERY OF THE PROBLEM (choose one correct answer)
A) consciousness
B) subconscious
C) *unconscious
29. PHILOSOPHICAL INNOVATION OF MARXISM (choose one correct answer)
A) theoretical formulation of the idea of dialectics
B) *materialistic understanding of history
C) discovery of self-organization
30. THE SUBJECT OF KNOWLEDGE IS ANY SUBJECT (choose one correct answer)
A) the material world
B) the spiritual world
C) *material and spiritual world
31. MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY (choose one correct answer)
A) *Confucianism and Taoism
B) Taoism and Buddhism
C) Buddhism and Confucianism
D) Confucianism and Hinduism
32. THE AUTHOR OF THE TEACHING ON "CORRECTION OF NAMES" IS AN ANCIENT CHINESE SAGE (choose one correct answer)
A) Laozi
B) Mo Tzu
C) Han Fei
D) *Kung Fu Tzu
33. NAME "PHILOSOPHY IS THE SERVANT OF THEOLOGY" IS OWNED (choose one correct answer)
A) *Medieval
B) Renaissance
C) New time
D) Enlightenment
34. PHILOSOPHER OF THE RENAISSANCE, CARDINAL, AUTHOR OF THE WORK “ON SCIENTIFIC IGNORANCE” (choose one correct answer)
A) G. Galileo
B) J. Bruno
C) *N. Cusa
D) T. More
35. STRICT MORAL LAW OF I. KANT IS NAMED ______ IMPERATIVE (choose one correct answer)
A) hypothetical
B) imperative
C) *categorical
D) transcendent
36. ACCORDING TO THE TEACHING OF NIETZSCHE, THE PLACE OF A DEAD GOD SHOULD BE TAKEN (choose one correct answer)
A) *superman
B) a representative of the Aryan race
C) new god
D) ruler
37. ZARATHUSTRA - THE HERO OF PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS (choose one correct answer)
A) A. Schopenhauer
B) *F. Nietzsche
C) A. Camus
D) Heidegger
38. AUTHOR OF THE WORK "TRACES OF SHAMANCY AMONG THE KYRGIZ" (choose one correct answer)
A) Kunanbaev A.
B) Dulatov M.
C) *Valikhanov Ch.
D) Bukeikhanov A.
39. THE MYSTICAL WAY OF KNOWING GOD IN SUFISM (choose one correct answer)
A) mauriat
B) maslikhat
C) *tarikat
D) jihad
40. C. PIERCE, W. JAMES, J. DEWEY - REPRESENTATIVES OF THE DIRECTION (choose one correct answer)
A) structuralism
B) hermeneutics
C) *pragmatism
D) neopositivism
41. KNOWLEDGE CONSISTS OF TWO STAGES (choose one correct answer)
A) *sensual and rational
B) figurative and emotional
C) observable and unobservable
D) theoretical and provable
42. TWO LEVELS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE (choose one correct answer)
A) sensual and rational
B) figurative and emotional
C) *empirical and theoretical
D) theoretical and ordinary
43. REPRESENTATIVES MADE A GREAT CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS (choose one correct answer)
A) *Club of Rome
B) Vienna Circle
C) club of knowledge lovers
D) youth club
44. AVERROES IS A ROMANIZED NAME (choose one correct answer)
A) Ibn Sina
B) Al-Ghazali
C) *Ibn-Rushd
D) Al-Kindi
E) Ibn Arabi
F) Al-Farabi
45. AVICENNA - WESTERN READING OF THE NAME (choose one correct answer)
A) *Ibn Sina
B) Al-Ghazali
C) Ibn-Rushd
D) Al-Kindi
E) Ibn Arabi
F) Al-Farabi
46. HISTORICALLY THE FIRST TYPE OF WORLD VIEW MYTHOLOGY (choose the correct answer)
A) *is
B) is not
47. THE PHILOSOPHY OF ANTIQUITY RELATES TO (choose the correct answer)
A) *classical philosophy
B) non-classical philosophy
48. N. COPERNICK IS A CREATOR (choose the correct answer)
A) geocentric picture of the world
B) *heliocentric picture of the world
49. IN NEOPOSITIVISM COMPARISON OF ALL THE PROVISIONS OF SCIENCE WITH THE FACTS OF EXPERIENCE IS CALLED (choose the correct answer)
A) *Verification
B) falsification
50. THE PRINCIPAL REFUTABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC THEORY IN POSTPOSITIVISM IS CALLED (choose the correct answer)
A) verification
B) *falsification
51. POSITION CONSIDERING TIME AND SPACE AS A SEPARATE REALITY TOGETHER WITH MATTER, AND THE RELATION BETWEEN THEM AS INTER-Substantial EXPRESSES THE POSITION (choose the correct answer)
A) relational concept
B) *substantial concept
52. A. EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF RELATIVITY CONFIRMED CORRECT (choose the correct answer)
A) *relational theory
B) substantial theory
53. CONSCIOUSNESS BY NATURE (choose the correct answer)
A) financially
B) *perfect
54. IN ANCIENT INDIAN PHILOSOPHY THE EARLY GROUP OF VEDIC TEXTS IS CALLED (additional) ______. (Rig Veda)
55. THE LAST GROUP OF VEDIC TEXTS THAT IS THE WORLD VIEW CORE OF HINDUISM IS CALLED (additionally) ______ (Upanishads)
56. IN BUDDHISM, THE WAY LEADING TO LIBERATION FROM SUFFERING, SIGNIFICANT TO THE COMPLETE FANISHING OF CONSCIOUSNESS (additional) _______. (Nirvana)
57. IN ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY THE WAY THAT MAN AND NATURE SHOULD GO IN ITS DEVELOPMENT, THE UNIVERSAL WORLD LAW THAT ENSURES THE EXISTENCE OF THE WORLD (add) ______. (Dao)
58. THE FIRST GREEK PHILOSOPHER IS CONSIDERED (additional) ______ (Thales)
59. AUTHOR OF APHORISMS: “EVERYTHING FLOWS, EVERYTHING CHANGES”, “THE ONE AND THE SAME RIVER IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ENTER TWICE” (add) ______ (Heraclitus)
60. THE NAME OF THE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHER WHO FIRST DESIGNATED THE PROBLEM OF A MAN IN PHILOSOPHY, THE AUTHOR OF THE SAID: “KNOW YOURSELF” (complete) - _______. (Socrates)
61. IN PYTHAGORAS METEMPSICHOSIS IS THE DOCTRINE OF MIGRATION (additional) _______. (Soul)
62. ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHER, CREATOR OF THE SCIENCE OF LOGIC, AUTHOR OF THE FIRST PHILOSOPHICAL SYSTEM (additional) _______ (Aristotle)
63. THE HOLY BOOK OF CHRISTIANS IS CALLED (additional) ______. (Bible)
64. THE HOLY BOOK OF THE MUSLIMS IS CALLED (additional) ______. (Koran)
65. DIRECTION OF MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY, AFFECTING THAT THINGS ARE NOT THERE, BUT THEIR GENERAL CONCEPTS - UNIVERSALS _______. (Realism)*
66. PERIOD IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE MIDDLE AGES, THE CREATIVITY OF THE CHURCH FATHERS _______. (Patristics)*
67. SCHOLASTICS ORIGINATED FROM THE LATIN WORD (SCNOLA), WHICH IS _______ IN TRANSLATION. (School)*
68. WORSHIP OF ONE GOD IS CALLED ______. (Monotheism) *
69. RENAISSANCE IS THE FRENCH NAME OF THE EPOCH ______. (Rebirth)*
70. TEACHING OF THE RENAISSANCE AGE, ACCORDING TO WHICH GOD IS IDENTIFIED WITH NATURE _______. (Pantheism)*
71. LOGICAL OPERATION OF TRANSITION FROM SPECIAL TO GENERAL IS CALLED (additional) ______. (Induction)*
72. LOGICAL OPERATION OF TRANSITION FROM GENERAL TO SPECIAL IS CALLED (additional) _______. (Deduction)*
73. A STREAM OF A NEW TIME WHICH CONSIDERS THAT SCIENCE IS POSSIBLE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF HUMAN SOCIETY (additional) ______ (Rationalism)) *
74. THE FIRST WISE OF THE PROTOKAZAKH, A SKIF, A FRIEND OF KING SOLON, IS NAMED (add) ______. (Anacharsis)*
75. THE SUPREME TOTEM, THE SACRED ANIMAL OF THE PROTO-KAZAKH WORKED (additionally) _______. (Wolf) *
76. THREE TRUTHS OF THE SHAKARIM: SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, RELIGIOUS FRANKNESS AND ______ (Conscience)*
77. PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE DEFENDING THE LIMITED COGNITIVE POSSIBILITIES OF THE MIND (additional) _______ (Irrationalism) *
78. PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENCE (additional) _______ (Existentialism) *
79. SURNAME OF THE SCIENTIST WHO LAYED THE FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS (additional) _______ (Freud) *
80. GENERAL SCIENTIFIC THEORY OF SELF-ORGANIZATION (additional) ______ (Synergetics) *
81. STATE ONE WITH BEING (ALSO REAL) AND OPPOSITE TO IT (complement) _______. (Non-existence*)
82. IN THE THEORY OF SELF-ORGANIZATION, RANDOM OSCILLATIONS AND DEVIATIONS PERMANENTLY ATTACHING TO MATTER (additional) _______. (Fluctuation)*
83. IN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY SYNONYM OF THE WORD GNOSEOLOGY (additional) ______. (Epistemology)
84. CRITERION OF KNOWLEDGE IN MARXIST PHILOSOPHY (additional) ______. (practice)*
85. THE DOCTRINE ABOUT KNOWLEDGE (complement) ______. (Epistemology)
86. AXEOLOGY IS THE DOCTRINE OF (add) _______. (Values)*
87. IN DIALECTICS, MEASURE IS THE UNITY OF QUANTITY AND (complete) _______. (Quality)*
88. SPHERE OF MIND ACCORDING TO V. I. VERNADSKY (additional) ______. (Noosphere)*
89. SCIENCE OF THE FUTURE (additional) ______. (Futurology)*
90. PROBLEMS OF PLANETARY CHARACTER IN MODERN SCIENCE ARE USED TO CALL (additional) _______. Global*
91. THE WORLD OF THE UNCONSCIOUS ACCORDING TO SIGMUND FREUD (additional) _______. Correct answer(s): It
92. INSTINCT OF LIFE IN FREUDISM (additional) _______. Correct Answer(s): Eros
93. DEATH INSTINCT IN FREUDISM (additional) ______. Correct answer(s): Thanatos
94. ENCODED UNIVERSAL IMAGES OF CARL JUNG (additional) _______. Correct Answer(s): Archetypes
95. MAIN WORK OF HERBERT MARCUSE (complete) ______, Correct answer(s): One-dimensional man
96. THE CENTRAL CONCEPT OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE FIELD RICOURE ______. Correct answer(s): Personality
97. JOHANN FICHTE NON-I OPPOSITIONED (complete) ______. Correct answer(s): I
98. SOCRATES METHOD (complement) _______. Correct answer(s): Maieutics
99. ECONOMY OF THE SOCIETY ACCORDING TO KARL MARX (additional) _______. Correct answer(s): Basis
100. The criterion of truth in Marxism (complete) _______. Correct answer(s): Practice
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF SCIENCE AND YOUTH POLICY OF THE VORONEZH REGION
STATE BUDGET PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
VORONEZH REGION
"VORONEZH POLYTECHNICAL COLLEGE"
Collection of tests and control tasks
in the discipline "Fundamentals of Philosophy"
study guide for knowledge control
specialties 15.02.08 Engineering technology, 02.23.03 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, 02.19.10 Technology of public catering products
Voronezh 2016
Compiled by: teacher Stolyarova N.V.
Computer typesetting and layout were made by Stolyarova N.V.
Voronezh, GBPOU VO "VPT", 2016, 29 p.
Textbook for the control of students' knowledge. Voronezh, "VPT", - p.29.
The manual is intended to control students' knowledge in the discipline "Fundamentals of Philosophy". The collection contains test and control tasks and correct answers.
Explanatory note
An indicative list of control and test tasks for the academic discipline "Fundamentals of Philosophy" is designed to implement state requirements for a minimum content and level of training of graduates in all specialties, secondary vocational education and is the same for all forms of education.
The academic discipline "Fundamentals of Philosophy" is a general educational discipline in the structure of secondary vocational education and serves as an important means of forming a general humanitarian and philosophical culture of thinking.
As a result of studying the discipline, the student musthave an idea:
- about the history of philosophy;
- about the main currents of modern philosophical thought;
know:
- basic concepts, principles and laws of philosophy;
be able to:
- carry out a philosophical analysis of the surrounding reality.
The knowledge, skills and abilities acquired by students in the course of studying the course can be applied by them in the course of their professional activities.
To determine the degree of assimilation by students of the content of the program material, a test is carried out on the main topics of the course being studied.
The number of options for examinations, the number of questions in each option, their content are approximate and can be changed by the teacher.
1. Test on the topic: “Fundamentals of Philosophy. The subject of philosophy, the main sections of philosophy.
2. Test number 1 on the topic: " ancient philosophy».
3. Test No. 2 on the topic: "The development of philosophical thought from Antiquity to the New Age."
4. Test number 3 on the topic: "German classical philosophy».
5. Test No. 4 on the topic: "Russian Philosophy".
6. Answers to test tasks
7. List of references.
Test work on the topic “Fundamentals of Philosophy. The subject of philosophy, the main sections of philosophy.
Option 1.
1.What is mythological worldview? What are its main features?
2. What sections of philosophy are usually distinguished in science? Describe each of them.
3. What is the specificity of philosophical knowledge? What are the features of philosophical knowledge?
4. List the main methods of philosophy and give them a description.
Option 2.
1.What is religion? What are the main functions of religion?
2. List the main basic categories of philosophy and describe them.
3. What are the main functions of philosophy? Describe the main functions.
4. What are the main directions in philosophical knowledge? Give a description of any two directions.
Option 3.
1. What is philosophy? What stages of evolution did philosophy go through in its development? Give them a description.
2. What is the main problem of philosophy? How is it solved at different stages of the development of philosophy?
3. What is materialism? What are its features?
4. What is the current state of the fundamental question of philosophy? What are its prospects?
Test on the topic: "Ancient philosophy"
Option 1.
2. What form of materialism can be attributed to the teachings of Thales of Miletus:
a) dialectical materialism;
b) mechanistic materialism;
c) anthropological materialism;
d) spontaneous materialism.
3. Representatives of the Milesian school are called spontaneous materialists because they:
a) took material elements as the fundamental principle of the world;
b) openly affirmed the primacy of matter over spirit;
c) denied the existence of the material;
d) formulated the atomistic concept;
e) denied the possibility of knowing the world.
4. The ontology of Democritus is based on the principle:
a) the world consists of invisible, indivisible particles - atoms;
b) the primary element of the world is apeiron;
c) any thing in the world is a combination of matter and form;
d) the primary element of the world is a number;
e) knowledge of the world is impossible.
5. Idea, according to Plato:
a) material and intelligible;
b) non-material, but intelligible;
c) material, but incomprehensible;
d) non-material and incomprehensible;
e) construction of consciousness
6. This ancient philosopher wrote: “Since the soul is immortal, there is nothing that it would not know; therefore, it is not surprising that she is able to remember what she previously knew. And since everything in nature is related to each other, and the soul has known everything, nothing prevents the one who remembered one thing from finding everything else for himself: after all, to seek and to know is exactly what it means to remember.
a) Aristotle
b) Democritus;
c) Plato;
d) Protagoras;
e) Pythagoras.
7. Plato in his "State" divided society into three estates:
a) poor, wealthy, rich;
b) peasants, artisans, petty bourgeois;
c) nobles, priests, peasants;
d) philosophers, warriors, artisans;
e) peasants, workers, intelligentsia.
8. This ancient philosopher wrote: “... The state is a product of natural development and that a person by nature is a political being. Whoever lives by virtue of his nature, and not as a result of random circumstances, outside the state, he is either a superman, or a creature that is morally underdeveloped ... "
a) Aristotle
b) Plato;
c) Plotinus;
d) Democritus;
e) Seneca.
9. Determine the teaching of which philosopher the following principles belong:
The root cause of being Philosopher
1. water; a) Democritus
2. apeiron; b) Anaximander;
3. fire; c) Pythagoras;
4. number; d) Thales;
5. atoms; e) Heraclitus.
10. Set the correspondence of the philosopher to one or another school:
1. Parmenides; a) atomists;
2. Democritus; b) the Elean school;
3. Anaximander; V) Milesian school;
4. Plotinus; d) neoplatonism;
5. Pyrrho; e) skeptics.
11. Match the teacher to the student:
Teacher Student:
1. Plato; a) Anaximander;
2. Socrates; b) Aristotle;
3. Aristotle; c) Alexander the Great;
4. Thales; d) Plato.
12. Set the sequence of philosophical schools of antiquity:
a) Pythagoreans
b) Milesian school;
c) Likey;
d) Academy;
e) Neoplatonists.
Option 2.
1. About the teaching of this philosopher, a later author wrote:
“This cosmos, the same for everything that exists, was not created by any god and no man, but it has always been, is and will be an eternally living fire, igniting in measures and extinguishing in measures.”
a) Plato
b) Aristotle;
c) Democritus;
d) Parmenides;
e) Heraclitus.
2. This ancient thinker first formulated the concept of "philosophy":
a) Pythagoras;
b) Plato;
c) Socrates;
d) Aristotle;
e) Democritus.
3. The founder of ancient atomism is:
a) Socrates;
b) Democritus-Leucippus;
c) Plato;
d) Aristotle;
e) Heraclitus.
4. This ancient thinker considered "man the measure of all things":
a) Protagoras;
b) Socrates;
c) Xenophanes;
d) Epicurus;
e) Democritus.
5. . True knowledge according to Plato is:
a) logically clear, rational knowledge;
b) mystical experience;
c) recollection by the soul of ideas seen by it in another world;
d) knowledge based on experiment;
e) true knowledge is impossible.
6. Plato's "State" was:
a) a democratic state of equal opportunities;
b) a religious state;
c) a state of a caste type, with a clear class division;
d) absolute monarchy;
d) despotism oriental type.
7. According to Aristotle, every thing is:
a) the complex unity of the smallest particles - atoms;
b) sensual image of the idea;
c) the unity of matter and form;
d) created from water;
e) construction of consciousness.
8. Determine in the concepts of which ancient philosophers the following categories play a dominant role:
Philosopher Main Categories
1. Plato; a) logos;
2. Heraclitus; b) idea;
3. Aristotle; d) form;
4. Democritus; e) atom;
5. Empedocles; e) love;
g) hatred.
9. Set the correspondence of the philosopher to the philosophical direction:
1. materialism; a) Parmenides;
2. idealism; b) Democritus;
c) Aristotle;
d) Epicurus;
d) Plato.
10. Set the sequence of philosophical teachings of antiquity:
a) "the world of ideas";
b) "all from water";
c) “the basis of everything is the number”;
d) "refraining from judgment."
11. From what, according to Anaxagoras, do all things come?
a) from fire
b) from the air
c) four elements
d) from an immense mixture of everything
12. Who were called sophists in Ancient Greece?
a) natural philosophers
b) wise rulers
c) wise hermits
d) paid teachers of rhetoric
Test on the topic: "The development of philosophical thought from Antiquity to the New Age."
Option 1.
1. The method of cognition in philosophy and science, when thought moves from general provisions to particular ones:
a) induction
b) deduction
c) analysis
d) synthesis
2. Epistemology is a doctrine:
a) values
b) about the development of the universe
c) about being as such
3. A certain type of cognitive process. on which information about the object. received in sensations and perceptions, remaining in consciousness, is reproduced later without a direct impact of the object on the subject - this
a) sensory reflection
b) cognitive contact with the object of knowledge
c) presentation
d) explanation
e) noumenon
a) St. Augustine 1) Rebirth
b) Nicholas of Cusa 2) Antiquity
c) Kant 3) Modern times
d) Plato 4) Middle Ages
a) German classical philosophy 1) Antiquity
b) hermeneutics 2) Middle Ages
c) patristics 3) Modernity
d) sophistry 4) New time
6. Match the concepts and the philosophers who use them
a) being 1) Aristotle
b) form 2) Democritus
c) idea 3) Parmenides
d) atom 4) Plato
7. According to most historians of philosophy, F. Bacon was the ancestor of the European?
a) idealism and stoicism
b) objectivism and skepticism
c) empiricism and materialism
d) rationalism
e) panmathematism
8. The initial principle of the philosophy of Descartes:
a) doubt
b) dialectics
c) intuition
d) insight
e) logic
9. The philosophy of nature by J. Bruno is
a) deism
b) creationism
c) pantheism
d) dualism
e) materialism
10. According to Locke, the basis of all knowledge is:
a) feelings
b) idea
c) thought
d) word
e) intuition
11. Basic dogma Christian doctrine regarding God says:
a) there is no god but Allah
b) God is one
c) God. being one and only, exists in three hypostases
d) God is Everything and everything is God
e) God is an impersonal spiritual reality
12. At the center of reflection of the philosophers of the Middle Ages is:
a) nature
b) personality
c) God
d) an ideal world
e) the process of cognition
13. Apologists in II in AD
a) were supporters of Julian the Apostate
b) defended, justified the Christian dogma
c) for the first time revealed the desire of the soul for the first unity
d) considered the opposition of spirit and matter
e) were supporters of atomism
14. The basis of spiritual life in the concept of Augustine is:
a) mind
b) will
c) experience
d) faith
d) passion
15. This medieval thinker owns the five most complete ways to prove the existence of God
a) St. Augustine
b) Thomas Aquinas
c) Anselm of Canterbury
d) Albert the Great
e) Tertullian
a) Anaximander
b) Empedocles
c) Thales
d) Plato
e) Aristotle
17. Plato's "State" was
a) a democratic state of equal opportunities
b) a religious state
c) a caste-type state. with a clear division
d) an absolute monarchy
e) despotism of the eastern type
18. According to Aristotle, every thing is:
a) a complex unity of the smallest particles - atoms
b) sensual image, idea
c) the unity of matter and form
d) created from water
e) construction of consciousness
19. Match Teacher to Student
Teacher: Student:
a) Plato 1) Aristotle
b) Socrates 2) Plato
c) Aristotle 3) Alexander the Great
d) Thales 4) Plato
Option 2.
1. Induction is
a) a logical path from the general to the particular
b) presentation of false knowledge as true
c) the ascent of knowledge from private, single facts to generalizations of a higher order
d) a moment of intellectual insight
e) relative, incomplete truth
2. Axiology is a doctrine:
a) about values, b their origin and essence
b) about the development of the universe
c) about being as such
d) about the essence of knowledge, about the ways of comprehending the truth
e) about the essence of human history
3. What concept is superfluous in this list?
a) epistemological optimism
b) agnosticism
c) skepticism
d) anthropocentrism
4. Match the philosophers and the era:
a) Aristotle 1) Modern times
b) Locke 2) Antiquity
c) Voltaire 3) Middle Ages
d) Thomas Aquinas 4) Enlightenment
5. Set the correspondence of the philosophical direction of the historical era:
a) Encyclopedism 1) Antiquity
b) atomism 2) Middle Ages
c) Freudianism 3) Modernity
d) scholasticism 4) Enlightenment
6. Compare philosophical positions and their characteristics
a) anthropocentrism 1) denial of God
b) theocentrism 2) god is everywhere
c) pantheism 3) God at the center of the world
d) atheism 4) man in the center of the world
7. What was F. Bacon's main working method?
a) analysis
b) synthesis
c) deduction
d) induction
e) dialectic
8. Descartes considered the main method of obtaining truth:
a) contemplative analysis
b) empirical deduction
c) rational deduction
d) speculative synthesis
d0 dialectical method
9. This philosophy first divided power into three types (judicial, legislative, executive)
a) Spinoza
b) Locke
c) Descartes
d) Bacon
e) Nicholas of Cusa
10. Specify which philosophical directions characteristic of the renaissance period
a) pantheism
b) Sophistry
c) Milesian school
d) Existentialism
11. The main dogma of the Christian faith
a) dualism
b) trinity
c) deism
d) pantheism
e) skepticism
12. The most important section of knowledge in the Middle Ages
a) philosophy
b) theology
c) science
d) logic
e) mathematics
13. A new quality of a person discovered by medieval patristics
a) spirit
b) soul
into the mind
d) body
e) will
14. Scholasticism proclaimed a distinction between
a) faith and reason
b) feelings and thoughts
c) conscious and unconscious
d) reason and intuition
15. Set the sequence of philosophers of the Middle Ages
a) Thomas Aquinas
b) St. Augustine
c) Philo of Alexandria
d) Tertullian
16. The founder of ancient atomism is
a) Socrates
b) Democritus
c) Plato
d) Aristotle
e) Heraclitus
17. Plato in his "State" divided society into three estates
a) poor, wealthy, rich
b) peasants, artisans, philistines
c) nobles, priests, peasants
d) philosophers, warriors, artisans
e) peasants, workers, intelligentsia
18. Determine the doctrine of which philosopher the following principles belong
a) water 1) Democritus
b) apeiron 2) Anaximander
c) fire 3) Pythagoras
d) number 4) Thales
e) atoms 5) Heraclitus
19.Set the sequence philosophical teachings antiquity
a) "world of ideas"
b) "all from the water"
c) the base is a number
Test on the topic: "German classical philosophy"
Option 1.
1. In the philosophical work of I. Kant, periods are distinguished:
a) subcritical and critical;
b) materialistic and dialectical;
c) logical and ontological;
d) rational and irrational;
e) metaphysical and dialectical.
2. According to Kant, the transcendent is:
a) learned by experience;
b) known empirically and rationally;
c) known with the help of theoretical reason;
d) known with the help of practical reason;
e) absolutely unknowable.
3. In addition to phenomena, Kant distinguishes:
a) the world of things in themselves;
b) the world of consciousness in itself;
c) the world of feelings in oneself;
d) the world of ideas in itself;
d) God in himself.
4. A priori forms of sensual contemplation, according to Kant:
a) space and time;
b) space and thinking;
c) being and time;
d) sensation and representation;
e) being and consciousness.
5. Kant substantiates the moral law, according to which a person is an “end in itself”, because:
a) the connection between sensory stimulus and behavior has the character of direct necessity;
b) a person is a being capable of absolutely free autonomous motivation of behavior;
c) a person must coordinate his autonomous motivation with the motivation of other people, considering them as a means to achieve his goals;
d) a person must coordinate his autonomous motivation with the motivation of other people, considering them as an end in themselves;
e) Man is created in the image and likeness of God.
6. According to Kant, the categorical imperative is:
a) the law of the ratio of the masses of the planets he derived;
b) the Christian dogma he criticizes;
c) his civil position;
d) proof of the inconsistency of any moral precepts;
e) an immutable moral requirement, a moral law.
7. Hegel's philosophy is:
a) realism;
b) absolute objective idealism;
c) materialism;
d) empiricism;
e) transcendental idealism.
8. According to Hegel, the fundamental principle of all things is:
a) matter
b) consciousness;
c) absolute idea (world spirit);
d) god;
e) the existent has no fundamental principle, everything is groundless, transient.
9. In the Science of Logic, Hegel substantiates the thesis:
a) everything that exists is reasonable;
b) everything that exists is real;
c) everything that is reasonable exists;
d) everything that is reasonable is real.
10. The philosophy of L. Feuerbach is:
a) materialism;
b) idealism;
c) rationalism;
d) naturalism;
e) empiricism.
11. materialistic concept L. Feuerbach was named:
a) spontaneous materialism;
b) naive materialism;
c) mechanistic materialism;
d) dialectical materialism;
e) anthropological materialism.
12. Feuerbach considered the main object of knowledge:
a) nature;
b) god;
c) a person;
d) knowledge;
e) society.
13. Set the correspondence of the philosopher to philosophical teaching:
4. philosophy of identity; d) Feuerbach.
14. Establish the correspondence of the philosophical treatise to one or another philosopher:
Option 2.
1. The philosophical treatise Critique of Pure Reason was written:
a) Hegel;
b) Descartes;
c) Kant;
d) Nietzsche;
e) Bacon.
2. According to Kant, the “thing in itself” is:
a) God
b) the real existence of a potential world;
c) the existing world, which is completely inaccessible to us and can never become an object of our knowledge;
d) the same as phenomenal subjective being;
e) a set of transcendental subjects, the same thing that Plato called the "world of ideas."
3. According to Kant, an object and a phenomenon in the world, given in perception, for a knowing subject is:
a) a thing in itself
b) a phenomenon;
c) noumenon;
d) illusion;
e) intuitive grasp.
4. According to Kant's theory, time and space:
a) are the eternal real attributes of the substance;
b) do not really exist, but necessarily precede sensory experience;
c) arise situationally, as the knowledge of the world improves;
d) are inalienable properties of single things;
e) are primary in relation to matter.
5. The wording of Kant's categorical imperative reads: "Act in such a way that the maxim of your behavior on the basis of your will can become ...":
a) the habitual form of your behavior;
b) the principle of the instinct of self-preservation;
c) common law;
d) an example for others to follow;
e) legal law.
6. According to Kant, moral value the higher the action, the more it:
a) complies with applicable law;
b) gives personal satisfaction;
c) subject to an abstract sense of duty;
d) subject to the will of God;
e) associated with humane or friendly feelings.
7. Dialectics in Hegel's philosophical system:
a) speculative-idealistic;
b) existential;
c) materialistic;
d) negative;
e) metaphorical.
8. In Hegel's system, world development is:
a) development of the spirit (absolute idea);
b) the process of regular change of socio-economic formations;
c) the embodiment of the Divine plan;
d) the process of self-organization of matter;
e) Hegel denied development.
9. Hegel viewed history in his Philosophy of History as:
a) progressive development of science;
b) self-sustaining becoming of God;
c) the development of the world spirit in time;
d) the development of the world spirit in space;
e) moral progress.
10. Feuerbach considered religion:
a) ridiculous superstition;
b) absolutization of the subjective side of consciousness;
c) attributing human attributes to God;
d) realization of freedom;
e) atavism of consciousness associated with people's fear of the forces of nature.
11. Establish the conformity of the philosopher with philosophical teaching:
1. transcendental idealism; a) Hegel;
2. anthropological materialism; b) Kant;
3. absolute idealism; c) Schelling;
4. philosophy of identity; d) Feuerbach
12. Set the correspondence of the philosophical treatise to one or another philosopher:
1. "Critique of Pure Reason"; a) Hegel;
2. "On the essence of Christianity"; b) Kant;
3. "Science of logic"; c) Schelling;
4. "The system of transcendental idealism"; d) Feuerbach.
13. In Fichte's philosophy, nature is
b) an alienated product of "I"
c) opposing "not-I"
d) transcendental "It"
14. Hegel believed that reality is based on
a) absolute identity
b) absolute unconscious
c) an absolute idea
d) absolute deity
1. Philosophy was originally understood as: 1) love to wisdom 2) the soul of culture 3) the science of man 4) the doctrine of absolute truth
2. The theoretical core, the core of spiritual culture is called: 1) art 2) science 3) philosophy 4) mythology
3. The theoretical nature of the analysis of universal connections in the system "man - the world" is a distinctive feature of: 1) religion 2) science 3) mythology 4 ) philosophy
4. Helping a person to understand his place in nature and society, philosophy performs the following function: 1) humanistic 2) methodological 3) axiological 4) predictive
6. Philosophical knowledge used in science, politics, education as a guide in spiritual and practical activities, acts as: 1)methodology 2) mythology 3) axiology 4) epistemology
7. Philosophical direction, considering spirituality the basis of life is called: 1) idealism 2) materialism 3) dualism 4) pluralism
8. The philosophical concept, according to which the world has a single basis, is called: 1) relativism 2) monism 3) dualism 4) skepticism
9. According to ______ ___, thinking and being are substances independent of each other: 1) pantheism 2) idealism 3) materialism 4) dualism
10. The religious picture of the world is based primarily on: 1) Holy Scripture 2) mythological representations 3) everyday experience 4) philosophical ideas
11. At the heart of the religious picture of the world lies the principle: 1) faith in the endless progress of society 2) the independence of human life from the will of the Creator 3) creationism 4)Verification
12. Concept " scientific picture world": 1) is absolute and unchanged 2) expresses figurative ideas about the world 3) is not typical for modern philosophy 4) undergoing historical evolution
13. Philosophy as a theoretical form of worldview first appears in: 1) Greece 2) China 3) Babylon 4) India
14. According to legend, the first who refused to call himself a sage, but only a wise man, i.e. philosopher, was: 1) Epicurus 2) Aristotle 3) Plato 4) Pythagoras
15. True being, according to Plato, is: 1) Space 2) human mind 3) human existence 4) the world of eidos
16. The creator of the doctrine of the ideal state was: 1) Plato 2) Socrates 3) Pythagoras 4) Aristotle
17. The first materialists in history are: 1) Holbach, La Mettrie, Helvetius 2) Marx, Engels, Lenin 3) Democritus, Leucippus, Epicurus 4) Kant, Hegel, Schelling
19. The founder of liberalism in the philosophy of modern times was: 1) Spinoza 2) Locke 3) Rousseau 4) Mandeville
20. The source of any alienation in society, according to Marx, is: 1) the transformation of the results of personal creativity into the public domain 2) private property on the means of production 3) the transfer of ideas about a person to an extrapersonal sphere, personified in God 4) the will to power
21. The Russian idea, from the point of view of Solovyov, is the idea of: 1) independence and autonomy of Russia 2) world hegemony of Russia 3)national purpose determined by God 4) the superiority of the Russian nation
22. The main idea of Russian cosmism is: 1) non-resistance to evil by violence 2)close connection man and the Cosmos 3) salvation of the elect 4) achievement of unity
24. A representative of radical Westernism who preached the idea of stateless socialism: 1) Khomyakov 2) Solovyov 3) Chaadaev 4) Bakunin
25. The understanding of movement as a mechanical spatial movement of an object without its qualitative transformation was characteristic of philosophy and natural science: 1) 17-18 centuries. 2) 19-20 centuries. 3) 10-14 centuries. 4) 14-16 centuries.
26. Regarding the connection between movement and development, the following judgment is correct: 1) movement and development are not related to each other 2) movement is identical to development 3) not any movement is development 4) development is not always movement
27. The properties of space do not apply: 1) length 2) three-dimensionality 3) irreversibility 4) continuity
28. Has nothing to do with the properties of time: 1) duration 2) one-dimensionality 3) reversibility 4) continuity
29. Space and time are considered as forms of contemplation from the standpoint of 1) dialectical materialism 2) subjective idealism 3) empiricism 4) objective idealism
30.According to the substantial concept, time: 1) is a person's psychological experience of real processes 2)is independent, an entity that does not depend on anything 3) depends on human existence 4) depends on the relationship between material objects.
